The Research and Field Testing of Dual Temporary Plugging Fracturing Technology for Shale Gas Wells
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摘要:
针对页岩气井暂堵压裂过程中存在暂堵压力升高不明显、施工压力未传递到裂缝内部、簇间暂堵与缝内暂堵无法有机结合等问题，通过选用压差聚合胶结型暂堵剂GTF-SM，并优化其用量及暂堵压裂工艺，形成了页岩气井双暂堵压裂技术。该技术在南川页岩气田LQ-1HF井分段压裂中试验了10段，与常规压裂井段相比，簇间暂堵试验井段的暂堵压力平均提高了4.3 MPa，缝内暂堵试验井段的暂堵压力平均提高了0.82 MPa，而且试验井段的裂缝长度平均增加了5.8%，裂缝面积平均增加了12.5%。该井采用ϕ10.0 mm油嘴放喷测试，平均产气量23.37×104 m3/d，平均套压20.17 MPa，产液量277.44 m3/d，优于同区块采用常规压裂技术的页岩气井。试验结果表明，页岩气井双暂堵压裂技术能够形成较好的复杂缝网，可以满足页岩气田高效开发及压裂作业降本增效的需求，具有良好的推广应用价值。
Abstract:Temporary plugging fracturing of shale gas wells has been challenged by the problems of insignificant temporary plugging pressure increases, the fact that the temporary plugging pressure sometimes does not transmit to the fracture, and sometimes unsuccessful combinations of inter-cluster temporary plugging and intra-fracture temporary plugging. Hence, a dual temporary plugging fracturing technology for shale gas wells was developed by adopting a GTF-SM differential pressure polymer-cemented temporary plugging agent and optimizing its dosage. It was also necessary to optimize inter-cluster temporary plugging and intra-fracture temporary plugging fracturing processes. This technology was tested for 10 stages in the staged fracturing of Well Jiaoye LQ-1HF in the Nanchuan Shale Gas Field. Compared with the stages treated with the conventional fracturing technologies, the temporary plugging pressure of the inter-cluster temporary plugging test section was increased by 4.3 MPa, and the temporary plugging pressure of the intra-fracture temporary plugging test section was increased by 0.82 MPa. The fracture length of the test section was increased by 5.8%, and the fracture area was increased by 12.5% on average. The well was tested with a ϕ10.0 mm choke, and the average gas production was 23.37×104 m3/d, the average casing pressure was 20.17 MPa and the fluid production was 277.44 m3/d, which were advantageous over those of the conventional fracturing technologies. The test results showed that the dual temporary plugging fracturing technology for shale gas wells could form a better complex fracture network and enable the high-efficiency development and cost-effective fracturing of shale gas fields, hence showing a good value for wide adoption and application.
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图 1 簇间暂堵和缝内暂堵工艺原理示意
Figure 1. Schematic of the basic principles of inter-cluster temporary plugging and intra-fracture temporary plugging
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图 2 裂缝宽度与滤饼厚度的关系曲线
Figure 2. The relation curve between crack width and filter cake thickness
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图 3 第14段簇间暂堵压裂施工曲线
Figure 3. Fracturing curves of the inter-cluster temporary plugging fracturing in the 14th stage
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图 4 第20段缝内暂堵压裂施工曲线
Figure 4. Fracturing curves of intra-fracture temporary plugging fracturing in the 20th stage
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图 5 部分压裂井段微地震监测的裂缝分布总效应图
Figure 5. The total effect diagram for the distribution of fractures detected by microseismic monitoring in some fracturing sections
表 1 暂堵剂GTF-SM的降解试验结果
Table 1 Results of degradation performance test for GTF-SM temporary plugging agent
温度/℃ 时间/h 滤纸质量/g 降解率，% 反应前 反应后 90 24 1.371 3.809 2.48 48 1.377 1.992 75.40 72 1.389 1.651 89.50 96 1.390 1.645 89.80 110 8 1.389 3.975 –3.44 12 1.385 1.671 88.60 24 1.375 1.504 94.80 36 1.359 1.491 94.70 120 6 1.348 4.138 –11.60 16 1.378 1.534 93.80 注：降解液黏度为1～2 mPa·s，pH值为4～5。 
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表 2 簇间暂堵与缝内暂堵压裂井段的暂堵剂用量
Table 2 Temporary plugging agent dosages of inter-cluster temporary plugging and intra-fracture temporary plugging
暂堵类型 裂缝宽度/mm 裂缝高度/mm 暂堵剂用量/kg 簇间暂堵 6～8 45 184～210 缝内暂堵 6～8 30 65～138
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表 3 簇间暂堵与缝内暂堵压裂井段的排量及暂堵剂用量
Table 3 Pumping rates and temporary plugging agent dosages of inter-cluster temporary plugging and intra-fracturetemporary plugging
暂堵类型 压裂井段 排量/（m3·min–1） 暂堵剂用量/kg 簇间暂堵 第10段 3.0 184 第11段 3.0 184 第14段 4.0 230 第15段 4.0 210 第18段 4.0 207 缝内暂堵 第5段 8.0 92 第7段 6.0 92 第8段 6.0 138 第16段 6.0 138 第20段 17.5 65
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表 4 LQ-1HF井双暂堵压裂井段暂堵压力统计结果
Table 4 Statistical results of temporary plugging pressure in the dual temporary plugging fracturing section of Well LQ-1HF
暂堵类型 压裂井段 暂堵压力/MPa 暂堵前 暂堵后 提高幅度 簇间暂堵 第10段 31.7 32.2 0.5 第11段 32.4 32.8 0.4 第14段 40.5 46.5 6.0 第15段 42.5 46.2 3.7 第18段 33.1 36.3 3.2 缝内暂堵 第5段 39.0 39.8 0.8 第7段 32.2 32.8 0.6 第8段 32.1 32.5 0.4 第16段 38.4 38.6 0.2 第20段 57.7 59.8 2.1
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