Experimental Study on Improving Condensate Oil Recovery by CO2 Huff and Puff in Condensate Gas Reservoirs
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摘要:
注CO2提高天然气和凝析油采收率技术目前仍处于发展阶段，CO2的注入方式、注入时机以及CO2与储层流体之间的相互作用机理尚不明确。通过开展凝析气藏注CO2定容衰竭实验和油气界面张力测定实验，在明确最大反凝析压力及液量和CO2−凝析油相互作用方式的基础上，提出了逐轮增量注CO2的吞吐方法，并采用全直径岩心实验评价了吞吐效果及CO2储存比例。研究表明，凝析气藏注入CO2后，其露点压力、最大反凝析压力和凝析油体积均不断降低，临界点向左下角移动，两相包络区向内收缩，流体组分变轻；CO2与凝析油之间需经多次接触，才能逐步混相，CO2压力越高，达到混相所需接触的次数越少；4轮增量CO2吞吐凝析油的采收率分别为1.2%，14.4%，25.8%和3.6%，比自然衰竭凝析油采收率累计提高了45.0百分点；CO2储存比例随吞吐次数增多而降低，分别为82.2%，72.1%，46.4%和9.2%，最优CO2吞吐次数应不超过3次；CO2吞吐效果受CO2注入压力及岩心系统压力的影响，当CO2注入压力低于最小混相压力时，不利于CO2吞吐和储存。研究结果可为凝析气藏高效开发、改善反凝析伤害提供参考和借鉴。
Abstract:The application of CO2 injection to improve the recovery of natural gas and condensate oil is still in the development stage. The CO2 injection mode, injection time, and the interaction mechanism between CO2 and reservoir fluid are not clear. Through the constant volume depletion experiment of CO2 injection into condensate gas reservoirs and the measurement experiment of oil-gas interfacial tension, a stepwise incremental CO2 huff and puff method was proposed on the basis of determining the maximum retrograde condensate pressure, liquid volume, and CO2-condensate oil interaction mode. In addition, the huff and puff effect and CO2 storage ratio were evaluated by full diameter core experiment. The results show that after the CO2 is injected into the condensate gas reservoir, the dew point pressure, the maximum retrograde condensate pressure, and the condensate oil volume are continuously reduced, and the critical point moves to the lower left corner. The two-phase envelope area shrinks inward, and the fluid components become lighter. The phase mixing between CO2 and condensate oil can be achieved gradually only after multiple contacts. A higher CO2 pressure indicates fewer contacts required to achieve the phase mixing. The condensate oil recovery after four rounds of incremental CO2 huff and puff is 1.2%, 14.4%, 25.8%, and 3.6%, respectively, which is 45.0 percentage points higher than that after natural depletion. The proportion of CO2 storage decreases with the increase in huff and puff times, which are 82.2%, 72.1%, 46.4%, and 9.2%, respectively. CO2 huff and puff times should be controlled within 3 to achieve the optimal effect. The CO2 huff and puff effect is mainly affected by CO2 injection pressure and core system pressure. When the CO2 injection pressure is lower than the minimum miscible pressure (MMP), it is not conducive to CO2 huff and puff and storage. The research results provide a reference for the efficient development of condensate gas reservoirs and the improvement of retrograde condensate damage.
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图 1 界面张力测定及CO2吞吐岩心实验装置
Figure 1. Flow chart of interfacial tension measurement and CO2 huff and puff core experiment
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图 2 凝析气注CO2后凝析油体积分数随压力的变化及PT相图的变化
Figure 2. Variation of volume percentage of liquid phase with pressure and PT phase diagram after CO2 injection into condensate gas
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图 3 第一轮和第四轮注CO2后凝析油与CO2的作用过程
Figure 3. Interaction process between condensate oil and CO2 after the first and fourth rounds of CO2 injection
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图 4 不同温度下凝析油与CO2的界面张力随压力的变化
Figure 4. Variation of interfacial tension between condensate oil and CO2 with pressure at different temperatures
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图 5 压力13 MPa下液滴形状随时间的变化
Figure 5. Variation of droplet shape with time under pressure of 13 MPa
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图 6 正己烷和正十四烷及其二元混合物与CO2界面张力随压力的变化
Figure 6. Variation of interfacial tension of n-hexane, n-tetradecane and their binary mixtures with CO2 pressure
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图 7 CO2吞吐过程中凝析油采收率及岩心压力随时间的变化
Figure 7. Variation of condensate oil recovery and core pressure with time during CO2 huff and puff
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图 8 自然衰竭和吞吐前后岩心中凝析油饱和度的变化
Figure 8. Variation of condensate oil saturation in cores before and after natural depletion and huff and puff
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