Transmission Characteristics of Downhole Hydraulic Control Signalsin Intelligent Wells
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摘要:
液压控制的智能井系统通过长达数千米的液压管线向井下传送液压控制信号和动力，选择目的层层位和控制流量。向井下传送液压控制信号时，受传输介质和细长液压管线的影响，液压控制信号的传输速度、强度和形态都会发生衰减和扭曲，难以被井下设备识别。为对井下执行器进行可靠的控制，讨论了液压控制信号的传输速度、井眼温度沿深度方向变化对传输介质黏度的影响；分析了井口压力向井下传播时压力与时间的变化关系、地面液压控制信号传到井下时的形态变化、同时施加液压控制信号和液压动力信号时的传输特性，以及有无阻力状态下开启井下滑套时控制压力的变化；再考虑管线内径、加压方式、井眼环境、液压油黏度等对上述传输特性的影响，得出液压控制压力应大于5 MPa、3 000 m深水井中井下液压信号传输时间约为25 min等定量评估结论。研究结论可为开展井下液压控制提供理论参考。
Abstract:Hydraulically controlled intelligent well systems transmit control signals and power to the underground through thousands of meters of hydraulic control pipelines, and realize horizon selection in target layers and flow rate control. Transmitted downhole hydraulic control signals are affected by transmission media and slender transmission pipeline. Thus, the transmission speed, strength, and shapes of these signals are subject to attenuation and distortion, which are difficult to identify by the downhole equipment. To achieve sound control over the downhole actuator, this study discussed the influence of the signal transmission speed and wellbore temperature variation along the depth on the viscosity of transmission media. The following aspects were explored: the variation of pressure over time when the wellhead pressure propagated downward; the change in the shapes of ground control signals when they were transmitted underground; the transmission characteristics when hydraulic control signals and hydraulic power signals were applied simultaneously; the change in control pressure to open downhole sliding sleeves with or without resistance. In addition, upon consideration of the influence of different inner pipeline diameters, pressure applied methods, wellbore environments, and viscosity of hydraulic oil on the above transmission characteristics, several quantitative evaluation conclusions were drawn. For example, the hydraulic control pressure should be greater than 5 MPa, and the downhole transmission time for hydraulic signals in a deep-offshore well with a depth of 3 000 m was about 25 min. The research conclusions could provide a theoretical reference for downhole hydraulic control.
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图 1 不同含气量和压力下管线内压力波的传输速度
Figure 1. Pressure wave speed in the pipeline under different air content and pressures
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图 2 液压油运动黏度随井深的变化曲线
Figure 2. Variation curve of viscosity of hydraulic oil with well depth
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图 3 井深–压力传播时间平面上的差分网格
Figure 3. Differential grids on the plane of well depth and the transmission time of pressure
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图 4 流量达到0.9 L/min时管线内的压力分布
Figure 4. Pressure distribution in the pipeline at a flow rate of 0.9 L/min
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图 5 井口压力达到40 MPa时管线内压力分布
Figure 5. Pressure distribution in the pipeline under a wellhead pressure of 40 MPa
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图 6 0～4 000 s加压时间内管线内压力、井深与时间的关系曲面
Figure 6. Relation surface of pipeline pressure, well depth, and time during a pressure applied period of 0–4 000 s
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图 7 井口和井底管线内压力与时间的关系曲线
Figure 7. Variation curves for well head and bottom hole pressure in the pipeline over time
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图 8 液压信号传输特性试验装置的控制界面
Figure 8. Control interface of the hydraulic signal transmission characteristic test device
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图 10 试验和模拟计算管线出口压力与进口压力比
Figure 10. Ratios of tested and calculated pressures at pipeline ends to wellhead pressures
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图 11 井口、井底矩形波信号随时间的变化曲线
Figure 11. Variation curves of rectangular signals with time at well head and bottom hole
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图 12 井口和井底的矩形波信号对比
Figure 12. Comparison of rectangular signals at well head and bottom hole
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图 13 驱动无阻力井下滑套时井口和井底压力随时间的变化曲线
Figure 13. Variation curves of pressure over time at well head and bottom hole when powering downhole sliding sleeves without resistance
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图 14 驱动有阻力井下滑套时井口和井底压力随时间的变化曲线
Figure 14. Variation curves of pressure over time at well head and bottom hole when powering downhole sliding sleeves with resistance
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图 15 内径4.572和3.048 mm管线井底压力随时间的变化曲线
Figure 15. Variation curves of bottom hole pressure over time with inner diameters of 4.572 mm and 3.048 mm
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图 17 普通电机加压时井口和井底压力随时间的变化曲线
Figure 17. Variation curves of pressure over time at well head and bottom hole using a ordinary motor for pressure application
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