Key Drilling Technologies for the Ultra-Deep Well Tashen 5
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摘要:
为探明塔河油田寒武系沙依里克组、肖尔布拉克组及震旦系奇格布拉克组储层的发育特征及含油气情况，部署了预探井塔深5井，相关资料表明，该井超深层存在缝洞发育易井漏、地层倾角大易井斜、硅质白云岩压实程度高导致机械钻速慢等钻井技术难点。针对井漏问题，优选了抗温堵漏材料，优化了堵漏材料的配比和粒径，辅以随钻堵漏和渐进式堵漏方法，以逐步提高地层的承压能力；为解决井身质量控制和提速的矛盾，应用了垂直钻井工具+大扭矩螺杆的防斜钻井提速技术，能够兼顾防斜和提速；为解决白云岩地层可钻性差、研磨性强的问题，优选了减振耐磨的PDC钻头和扭力冲击器配合等壁厚大扭矩螺杆钻进。采用上述钻井关键技术后，塔深5井顺利施工并成功完钻，为后续塔河油田下部寒武系和震旦系钻井提供了技术途径、积累了技术经验。
Abstract:Well Tashen 5 was deployed to explore the development characteristics and hydrocarbon contents of the Cambrian Shayilike Formation, Xiaoerbulake Formation and the Sinian Qigebrak Formation. Related data indicates that the ultra-deep Well Tashen 5 have several technical difficulties in drilling, such as lost circulation due to fractures and cavities, well deviation due to large formation inclination, and low rate of penetration (ROP) caused by the highly compacted siliceous dolomite. For the lost circulation problem, temperature resistant plugging materials were selected. The ratio and particle size of the plugging materials were optimized to gradually increase the pressure-bearing capacity of the formations while employing the plugging-while-drilling method and progressive plugging methods. In order to solve the conflict between the wellbore quality control and ROP enhancement, the vertical drilling tools and high-torque positive displacement motor (PDM) were applied for deviation prevention and ROP enhancement. In order to solve the problems of low drillability and high abrasiveness of the dolomite formation, the damping and wear-resistant PDC bit and torsion impactor were selected to match with high-torque PDM with iso-wall thickness for compound drilling. Well Tashen 5 was successfully completed after applying above key drilling technologies and provided technical methods and experiences for subsequent drilling in the Cambrian and Sinian of Tahe Oilfield.
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表 1 塔深5井设计的钻遇地层及各层厚度
Table 1 Formations encountered and corresponding thickness for the designed drilling of Well Tashen 5
设计钻遇地层 井深/m 厚度/m 界 系 统 组 新生界 第四系 85 新近系 上新统 库车组 1 815 1 730 中新统 康村组 2 879 1 064 吉迪克组 3 449 570 古近系 渐–古新统 苏维依组 3 484 35 3 549 65 中生界 白垩系 下统 巴什基奇克组 4 198 649 巴西盖组 4 253 55 舒善河组 4 541 288 亚格列木组 4 576 35 侏罗系 下统 4 636 60 三叠系 上统 哈拉哈塘组 4 840 204 中统 阿克库勒组 4 985 145 下统 柯吐尔组 5 050 65 古生界 石炭系 下统 卡拉沙依组 5 427 377 巴楚组 5 465 38 奥陶系 中–下统 鹰山组 6 455 990 蓬莱坝组 6 765 310 寒武系 上统 下丘里塔格组 7 725 960 中统 阿瓦塔格组 8 015 290 沙依里克组 8 105 90 下统 吾松格尔组 8 275 170 肖尔布拉克组 8 785 510 玉尔吐斯组 8 845 60 元古界 震旦系 上统 奇格布拉克组 8 890 45 
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表 2 塔深5井实钻地层及各层厚度
Table 2 Formations encountered and corresponding thickness during the drilling of Well Tashen 5
实际钻遇地层 井深/m 厚度/m 界 系 统 组 新生界 第四系 85 85 新近系 上新统 库车组 1 915 1 830 中新统 康村组 2 834 919 吉迪克组 3 386 552 古近系 渐–古新统 苏维依组 3 478 92 3 556 78 中生界 白垩系 下统 巴什基奇克组 4 206 650 巴西盖组 4 276 70 舒善河组 4 552 276 亚格列木组 4 582 30 侏罗系 下统 4 644 62 三叠系 上统 哈拉哈塘组 4 774 130 中统 阿克库勒组 4 994 220 下统 柯吐尔组 5 006 12 古生界 石炭系 下统 卡拉沙依组 5 411 405 巴楚组 5 446 35 奥陶系 中–下统 鹰山组 6 330 884 蓬莱坝组 6 707 377 寒武系 上统 下丘里塔格组 7 615 908 中统 阿瓦塔格组 7 995 380 沙依里克组 8 029 34 下统 吾松格尔组 8 230 201 肖尔布拉克组 8 704 474 玉尔吐斯组 8 784 80 元古界 震旦系 上统 奇格布拉克组 8 943 159 苏盖特布拉克组 9 017 74（未穿）
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表 3 塔深5井与轮探1井在不同工艺下的机械钻速对比
Table 3 Comparison of the ROP between Well Tashen 5 and Well Luntan 1 with different drilling technologies
井号 钻头型号 钻头外径/mm 钻头生产厂家 钻进井段/m 机械钻速/（m·h−1） 提速工艺 塔深5 XZ816 311.1 史密斯 6 738.00～6 977.00 1.74 扭冲 Z716 311.1 史密斯 6 977.00～7 144.00 2.00 扭冲 XZ816 311.1 史密斯 7 257.00～7 520.00 2.36 扭冲 Z716 311.1 史密斯 7 520.00～7 628.00 2.44 扭冲 轮探1 KPM1333DST 311.1 江汉 6 716.77～6 790.00 1.09 KPM1333DST 311.1 江汉 6 790.00～6 953.00 1.57 双摆 KPM1333DST 311.1 江汉 6 953.00～7 102.00 1.49 双摆 X616 311.1 史密斯 7 102.00～7 424.00 1.40 双摆 X616 311.1 史密斯 7 424.00～7 475.67 1.64 双摆
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