Key Technologies for the Drilling of Ultra-Deep Horizontal Well Shunbei 56X
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摘要:
顺北56X井是部署在顺北V号条带的超深重点风险预探井，钻井过程中面临二叠系和志留系易漏失、奥陶系破碎地层井壁稳定性差、奥陶系桑塔木组易井斜、井眼轨迹控制难和储层钻遇裂缝带气侵等技术难点。为此，针对二叠系、志留系和奥陶系的地质特征，选用防漏堵漏钻井液和高温强封堵油基钻井液，并制定相应维护处理措施，有效预防了二叠系和志留系的漏失，保障了奥陶系的井壁稳定；应用“大扭矩螺杆+垂直钻井系统”防斜打快技术，实现了直井段的防斜打快；通过优化井眼轨道、采用工具面快速调控工艺、配套高温随钻测量技术和制定井眼轨迹技术方案，使该井井眼轨迹与井眼轨道符合度高，实现准确中靶；利用“微过平衡密度+简易控压”钻井技术，解决了储层钻遇裂缝带气侵的问题。顺北56X井钻井过程中未出现井控风险，准确中靶，顺利钻至井深9 300.00 m（垂深8 087.94 m）完钻，成为我国目前最深的水平井，同时也是目前亚洲陆上最深的水平井。该井安全成井，表明我国具备了钻特深水平井的能力，可为中国石化“深地一号”工程顺北特深层油气藏勘探开发提供技术支撑。
Abstract:Well Shunbei 56X is a major ultra-deep wildcat well for the deployment of the Shunbei V Strip. While drilling this well, loss of circulation happened easily in the Permian and Silurian systems, with attendant technical problems, such as the poor stability of well walls in Ordovician fractured formations, well deviation in Ordovician Sangtamu Formation, difficulty in controlling the well trajectory, and gas kicks of fracture zones drilled in reservoirs, etc. Therefore, to remedy the geological characteristics tied to the Permian, Silurian, and Ordovician formations, an anti-leakage and plugging drilling fluid and the high-temperature oil-based drilling fluid with strong plugging properties were selected, and corresponding maintenance and treatment measures were formulated. It could effectively prevent loss of circulation in Permian and Silurian systems and ensure the well wall stability in the Ordovician system. The technology of “high-torque positive displacement drill (PDM) + vertical drilling system” was applied to achieve deviation prevention and fast drilling of the vertical sections of the well. Moreover, with a combination of well-path optimization, fast regulation of tool faces, matching technology of high-temperature measurement while drilling (MWD), and well trajectory design, the trajectory of the well was highly consistent with the well-path to achieve accurate target hits. The technology of “slightly overbalanced density design + simple managed pressure drilling” was utilized to solve the gas kick problem of fracture zones drilled in reservoirs. During the drilling of Well Shunbei 56X, no well control risks were identified, and targets were accurately hit. The well was smoothly drilled to the depth of 9300.00 m (a vertical depth of 8087.94 m),which makes it the deepest horizontal well in China and the deepest onshore horizontal well in Asia so far. The safe completion of this well shows that China is capable of drilling ultra-deep horizontal wells, and can provide a technical support for for exploration and development of ultra-deep Shunbei Oil & Gas Field.
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图 2 顺北56X井控压钻进中的井口回压与全烃值变化曲线
Figure 2. Variation curves of wellhead back pressure and total hydrocarbon in managed pressure drilling of Well Shunbei 56X
表 1 顺北56X井井眼轨道设计结果
Table 1 Well-path design of Well Shunbei 56X
井深/m 井斜角/（°） 方位角/（°） 垂深 /m 南北位移/m 东西位移/m 水平位移/m 狗腿度/（（°）·（30m）−1） 7 756.00 1.51 234.91 7 754.07 −17.54 −43.11 46.54 0 7 7 90.00 1.51 234.91 7 788.06 −18.05 −43.84 47.41 0 8 090.45 78.00 85.78 8 005.30 −7.83 127.77 128.01 7.92 8 336.21 83.41 90.00 8 045.00 1.02 369.99 370.00 0.83 8 829.31 86.12 90.00 8 090.00 1.02 860.99 860.99 0.16 
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表 2 顺北56X井优化后的井眼轨道
Table 2 Optimized well-path of Well Shunbei 56X
井深/m 井斜角/（°） 方位角/（°） 垂深/m 南北位移/m 东西位移/m 水平位移/m 狗腿度/
（（°）·（30m）−1）7 756.00 1.51 234.91 7 754.07 −17.54 −43.11 −43.16 0 7 777.00 1.51 234.91 7 775.06 −17.85 −43.56 −43.61 0 7 787.00 1.80 85.38 7 785.06 −17.92 −43.51 −43.56 9.500 7 9 62.86 57.49 85.38 7 931.96 −11.19 39.82 39.79 9.500 8 315.47 84.76 90.00 8 045.00 1.02 369.99 370.00 2.349 8 808.53 84.76 90.00 8 090.00 1.02 860.99 860.99 0
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表 3 不同井段选用的随钻测量仪器的型号
Table 3 Preferred MWD instrument models in different well sections
井段/m 井底静温/℃ 循环温度/℃ 仪器型号 7 756.00～7 958.00 166 152 APS175改进型 7 958.00～8 986.00 172 160 3D-I185 8 986.00～9 300.00 178 167 TEL185
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