An Experimental Study on Rock Breaking Efficiency with Ultrasonic High-Frequency Rotary-Percussive Drilling Technology
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摘要: 为了研究超声波高频旋冲钻井技术相较于常规旋转钻井技术的提速效果，以及钻进条件和参数对超声波高频旋冲破岩效率的影响规律，设计了超声波振动发生短节，搭建了超声波破岩模拟试验台，采用控制变量法和正交试验法，开展了超声波破岩提速试验及影响超声波破岩效率的试验，得到了钻压、超声波振幅、转速和钻头直径对超声波高频旋冲破岩效率的影响规律。结果表明：在实验室常规温度和压力条件下，与常规旋转破岩技术相比，超声波高频旋冲钻井技术的破岩效率更高，平均提高幅度达77.65%；影响超声波高频旋冲破岩效率的因素从大到小依次是钻压、振幅、钻头直径和转速；钻压和振幅对超声波高频旋冲破岩效率的影响显著，且振幅越大，超声波高频旋冲破岩的效率越高。研究结果表明，超声波高频旋冲钻井技术可为提高深部硬地层机械钻速提供一种新的破岩方法。Abstract: In order to investigate the penetration rate improvement by implementing ultrasonic high-frequency rotary-percussive (UHFRP) drilling compared to conventional rotary drilling, as well as determining the influence of different drilling conditions and parameters on UHFRP rock breaking, we designed an ultrasonic vibration pup joint and built a test bench for ultrasonic rock breaking simulation. By using control variable method and orthogonal experiment method, we carried out a penetration rate enhancement test of ultrasonic rock breaking and the corresponding influencing-factor analysis tests. Thereby we obtained the influence law of weight on bit, ultrasonic amplitude, penetration rate, and bit diameter on the UHFRP rock breaking. The test results show that compared with conventional rotary rock breaking, the UHFRP drilling has higher efficiency of rock breaking at normal temperatures and pressures in the laboratory, with an average penetration rate increase of 77.65%. In addition, weight on bit, ultrasonic amplitude, bit diameter and penetration rate have a declining impact on the rock breaking efficiency of UHFRP drilling. Furthermore, weight on bit and ultrasonic amplitude have a highly significant effect on the efficiency of UHFRP rock breaking, and a larger amplitude results in a higher efficiency of rock breaking. The results show that the UHFRP drilling technology could provide a new rock breaking method in penetration rate enhancement of deep hard formations.
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图 4 超声波破岩与常规破岩的钻压和位移对比
Figure 4. Comparison of drilling pressure and displacement between ultrasonic rock breaking and conventional rock breaking
表 1 超声波破岩与常规破岩试验结果对比
Table 1 Comparison of test results between ultrasonic rock breaking and conventional rock breaking
序号 试验编号 钻头直径/mm 钻压/N 转速/（r·min–1） 岩性 有无超声波 钻速/（μm·s–1） 钻速提高幅度，% H01 K01 12 400 90 泥岩 有 3.05 38.00 K02 12 400 90 泥岩 无 2.21 H02 K03 12 400 90 砂岩 有 28.18 –20.31 K04 12 400 90 砂岩 无 35.36 H03 K05 12 400 90 页岩 有 5.96 103.41 K06 12 400 90 页岩 无 2.93 H04 K07 10 400 90 砂岩 有 95.58 125.85 K08 10 400 90 砂岩 无 42.32 H05 K09 10 400 90 泥岩 有 7.36 29.35 K10 10 400 90 泥岩 无 5.69 H06 K11 10 400 90 页岩 有 1.60 29.03 K12 10 400 90 页岩 无 1.24 H07 K13 6 400 90 砂岩 有 118.90 218.51 K14 6 400 90 砂岩 无 37.33 H08 K15 6 400 90 泥岩 有 31.75 –12.29 K16 6 400 90 泥岩 无 36.20 H09 K17 6 400 90 页岩 有 70.54 187.33 K18 6 400 90 页岩 无 24.55 
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表 2 影响因素的不同水平取值
Table 2 The values of the level of different influencing factors
水平 钻头直径（A）/
mm振幅（B）/
μm钻压（C）/
N转速（D）/
（r·min–1）1 12 10 800 120 2 10 6 600 90 3 6 0 400 60
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表 3 正交试验方案及试验结果
Table 3 Schemes and results of orthogonal experiments
序号 A B C D 破岩深度/mm 破岩体积/cm3 钻速/（mm·s–1） 1 1 1 1 1 10.18 1.151 3 0.212 1 2 1 2 2 2 9.28 1.049 5 0.103 1 3 1 3 3 3 2.25 0.254 5 0.013 6 4 2 1 2 3 6.12 0.480 7 0.061 2 5 2 2 3 1 2.26 0.177 5 0.009 4 6 2 3 1 2 5.88 0.461 8 0.098 0 7 3 1 3 2 5.71 0.161 4 0.087 8 8 3 2 1 3 5.10 0.144 2 0.113 3 9 3 3 2 1 8.37 0.236 7 0.083 7 K1 0.328 8 0.361 1 0.423 4 0.305 2 K2 0.168 6 0.225 8 0.248 0 0.288 9 K3 0.284 8 0.195 3 0.110 8 0.188 1 k1 0.110 0.120 0.141 0.102 k2 0.056 0.075 0.083 0.096 k3 0.095 0.065 0.037 0.063 极差R 0.160 2 0.165 8 0.312 6 0.117 1 因素主次顺序 C > B > A > D 最优方案 C1 B1 A1 D1
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表 4 4组正交试验结果的极差分析
Table 4 Range analysis results of four groups of orthogonal experiments
试验编号 极差R 因素A 因素B 因素C 因素D Z01 0.222 1 0.107 0 0.234 4 0.247 7 Z02 0.160 2 0.165 8 0.312 6 0.117 1 Z03 0.173 6 0.025 0 0.019 6 0.025 6 Z04 0.119 7 0.422 7 0.288 9 0.098 4 平均值 0.168 9 0.180 1 0.213 9 0.122 2 因素主次顺序 C > B > A > D 最优方案 C1 B1 A1 D1
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