Research and Field Tests of the Lubrication and Friction Reduction Technology of High Density Drilling Fluid in Horizontal Wells
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摘要: 高密度水基钻井液在水平井钻井中普遍存在润滑性较差、摩阻较大等问题，为此研究了润滑减阻技术。分析了高密度水基钻井液润滑减阻性能的影响因素，研制了以长链脂肪酸植物油为原料的润滑剂RHJ-1。性能评价结果表明：RHJ-1能使5.0%膨润土浆的极压润滑系数降至0.040；密度2.10 kg/L的钻井液加入RHJ-1后，其润滑系数最低可降至0.105，抗温能力达到150 ℃；钻屑加量为10.0%和15.0%、RHJ-1加量增大至4.0%时，钻井液的润滑系数最大降低率达55.58%。为了保证水平井钻井时高密度钻井液的润滑减阻作用，还采取了控制固相含量、利用加重剂 “轴承”效应等多种技术措施，形成了水平井高密度钻井液润滑减阻技术。该技术在西南某深层页岩气区块WY23-4HF井进行了现场试验，完钻时起钻摩阻仅300 kN，完全满足水平段钻井的润滑减阻要求。研究结果表明，水平井高密度钻井液润滑减阻技术可行，效果良好，值得推广应用。Abstract: Due to the poor lubricity and high friction during the drilling of horizontal wells by using high-density water-based drilling fluids, the lubrication and friction reduction technology was studied, and factors influencing the lubricity and friction reduction performance of high-density drilling fluids were analyzed. Subsequently, lubricant Rhj-1, a lubricant with long-chain fatty acid vegetable oil as the raw material, was developed. The performance evaluation results showed that the lubricant RHJ-1 could reduce the extreme pressure lubrication coefficient of 5.0% bentonite slurry to 0.040. The lubrication coefficient of drilling fluid with a density of 2.10 kg/L could be reduced to a minimum of 0.105 after adding lubricant RHJ-1, and its temperature resistance ability could reach 150 ℃. For the drilling fluids with cuttings powder dosages of 10.0% and 15.0%, when the dosage of lubricant RHJ-1 was increased to 4.0%, the maximum reduction rate of drilling fluid lubrication coefficient could reach 55.58%. In order to ensure the lubricity and friction reduction of high-density drilling fluids in drilling horizontal wells, technical measures such as controlling the solid content and making use of the "bearing" effect of weighting agent, etc. were taken, thereby forming the lubrication and friction reduction technology for high-density drilling fluids. This technology was tested in Well WY23-4HF located in the deep shale gas block in Southwest China, and the tripping out friction after drilling was only 300 kN, which fully met the requirements of lubrication and friction reduction in the drilling of horizontal section. The results showed that the high-density drilling fluid technology for lubrication and friction reduction for horizontal wells is feasible and effective, and is worthy for popularization and application.
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图 3 润滑剂加量对钻井液润滑系数的影响
Figure 3. Effect of lubricant dosage on the lubrication coefficient of drilling fluids
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图 4 润滑剂RHJ-1对钻井液润滑系数的影响
Figure 4. Effect of the lubricant RHJ-1 on the lubrication coefficient of drilling fluids
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图 5 润滑剂RHJ-1对钻井液塑性黏度的影响
Figure 5. Effect of the lubricant RHJ-1 on the PV of drilling fluids
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图 6 润滑剂RHJ-1对钻井液API滤失量的影响
Figure 6. Effect of the lubricant RHJ-1 on the API filtration of drilling fluids
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图 7 WY23-4HF井三开完钻起钻摩阻与邻井对比情况
Figure 7. Comparison of tripping out friction with that of offset wells after drilling of 3rd-spud section in Well WY 23-4HF
表 1 极压润滑系数和摩擦面粗糙度
Table 1 Extreme pressure lubrication coefficient and friction surface roughness
钻井液配方 极压润滑系数 摩擦面粗糙度/μm 5.0% 膨润土浆 0.372 38.42 5.0% 膨润土浆+0.5%RHJ-1 0.248 36.02 5.0% 膨润土浆+1.0%RHJ-1 0.074 34.68 5.0% 膨润土浆+1.5%RHJ-1 0.049 33.16 5.0% 膨润土浆+2.0%RHJ-1 0.040 31.95 5.0% 膨润土浆+2.5%RHJ-1 0.042 32.08 
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表 2 钻屑对钻井液润滑性的影响
Table 2 Effect of cuttings on the lubricity of drilling fluids
钻屑加量，
%基浆润滑
系数基浆+3.0% RHJ-1 基浆+4.0% RHJ-1 润滑系数 降低率，% 润滑系数 降低率，% 0 0.254 0.126 50.39 5.0 0.278 0.147 47.12 10.0 0.341 0.172 49.56 0.162 52.49 15.0 0.394 0.197 50.00 0.175 55.58
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