Numerical Study on Drilling Fluid Leakage under Fluid-Solid Coupling in Deep Fractured Gas Reservoir
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摘要:
裂缝性地层钻井过程中井漏问题严峻，易导致产能降低和钻井安全事故。为此，综合考虑钻井液与天然气的物性差异、基质与裂缝间的耦合流动及裂缝开度的动态演化规律，建立了基于气液两相流动的裂缝性气藏漏失预测模型，并与实验数据进行对比，验证了模型的准确性；基于该模型，系统分析了气藏地质构造、基质参数、裂缝参数和井底压差等因素对漏失的影响规律，修正了传统统计学漏失模型，提出了适用于裂缝性气藏的漏失速率表征方法。研究结果表明，裂缝性气藏的漏失速率随着裂缝宽度增大呈对数函数增长，增长趋势先急后缓，随着井底压差和裂缝长度增大呈线性增长；发育有断层的裂缝性气藏的漏失速率随着裂缝宽度和井底压差增大呈指数增长，随着井眼与断层的距离增大呈对数式下降。研究结果为完善裂缝性气藏井漏规律和优选防漏堵漏技术提供了理论依据。
Abstract:During the drilling process in fractured formations, the issue of well leakage is severe, which can easily lead to reduced productivity and drilling safety accidents. To address this problem, this study comprehensively the differences of physical properties between mud and gas, coupled flow between matrix and fractures and the hydro-mechanical coupling. A mud loss model for fractured gas reservoirs with a gas–liquid two-phase flow was established, and its accuracy was verified by comparing it with physical experiments. Based on this model, the influence of geological structure, matrix parameters, fracture parameters, and bottom-hole pressure difference on lost circulation was analyzed. Furthermore, the traditional statistical mud-loss model was refined, and a method of leakage rate characterization suitable for fractured gas reservoirs was established. The results indicate that the loss rate increases linearly with the increase in bottom-hole pressure difference and fracture length in conventional fractured gas reservoirs, and increases in a logarithmic function with an increase in fracture width, the growth trend is first rapid and then slow. But for fractured gas reservoirs with developed faults, the loss rate increases exponentially with the increase in fracture width and bottom-hole pressure difference, and decreases logarithmically with an increase in the distance between the wellbore and fault. The conclusions drawn can provide theoretical references for further understanding the lost circulation and plugging technologies in deep fractured gas reservoirs.
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图 4 不同漏失模型的数值模拟结果对比
Figure 4. Comparison of numerical results between our model and XFEM
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图 6 不同渗流模型的漏失速率对比
Figure 6. Comparison of loss curves between single-phase model and gas-liquid two-phase flow model
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图 7 漏失过程基质渗透率和裂缝宽度的演化
Figure 7. Evolution of matrix permeability and fracture width during leakage process
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图 9 不同裂缝性气藏的累计漏失量变化规律
Figure 9. Variation of loss rate and cumulative loss with fracture length and the distance between fault and wellbore
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图 10 累计漏失量随基质渗透率的变化曲线
Figure 10. Variation of cumulative loss with matrix permeability
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图 11 累计漏失量随钻井液黏度的变化曲线
Figure 11. Variation of cumulative loss with the viscosities of drilling fluid
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图 12 累计漏失量随井底压力的变化曲线
Figure 12. Variation of cumulative loss with bottom hole pressure
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