Key Technologies for Drilling and Completing Shallow Slim Hole Sidetracking Horizontal Wells in the Jidong Oilfield
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摘要: 为解决冀东油田浅层ϕ139.7 mm套管开窗侧钻水平井存在的钻井泵压高、机械钻速低、油水层封隔效果差、油井投产后含水上升快等问题，选用了可以降低钻井泵压的ϕ79.4 mm非标钻杆，试用了能给钻头柔性加压的小尺寸水力加压提速工具，选用了ϕ95.3 mm非标套管、采用了膨胀悬挂尾管筛管顶部注水泥完井技术，并制定了提高侧钻小井眼固井质量的技术措施，形成了适用于冀东油田浅层小井眼侧钻水平井的钻井完井关键技术。该技术在冀东油田5口浅层高含水油藏侧钻水平井进行了应用，与未应用该技术的邻井相比，试验井泵压得到了有效控制，机械钻速提高了24.6%，钻井周期缩短了14.1%，同时解决了小井眼窄间隙井眼封隔差的问题，实现了对水平段水层的封隔和侧钻窗口处的密封，避免了对后期采油生产的影响。试验结果表明，冀东油田浅层小井眼侧钻水平井钻井完井关键技术能够提高小井眼侧钻水平井的机械钻速、缩短钻井周期和有效分隔油水层，提速提效效果显著，具有较好的推广应用价值。Abstract: In order to solve the technical difficulties of sidetracking with ϕ139.7 mm casing in shallow horizontal wells of the Jidong Oilfield, which included high pumping pressure, low ROP, poor oil-water layers isolation effect, and rapid rise of water cut after the oil well was put into production, etc., many countermeasures were taken. Those technologies include adoption of ϕ79.4 mm non-standard drill pipe to lower the mud pump, adoption of a small size hydraulic pressurization and speed-up tool that can flexibly pressurize the drill bit to increase the ROP, selection of ϕ95.3 mm non-standard casing, adoption of the top cementing completion with expansive suspension liner and screen liner, and formulation of technical measures to improve the cementing quality of slim hole sidetracking. The key technologies for drilling and completion of shallow slim hole sidetracked horizontal wells in the Jidong Oilfield was thus formed. These technologies were tested in 5 shallow sidetracking horizontal wells with high water-cut in the Jidong Oilfield. Compared with adjacent wells without adoption of these technologies, the pumping pressure was effectively controlled, the ROP was increased by 24.6%, the drilling cycle was shortened by 14.1%. At the same time, the poor sealing problem of the slim hole with a narrow gap was solved, and the isolation of the aquifers in horizontal section and seal of the sidetracking window was achieved, by which the impact on the later oil production was avoided. The test results showed that the proposed key technologies could effectively increase the ROP in the slim hole sidetracking in horizontal wells, shorten the drilling cycle and isolate oil and water layers. With good effect in speed-up and efficiency improvement, the technologies have a high potential for popularization and application.
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Keywords:
- sidetracking horizontal well /
- slim hole /
- completion method /
- liner hanger /
- cementing quality /
- Jidong Oilfield
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图 1 小尺寸水力加压提速工具的结构
Figure 1. Structural diagram of small size hydraulic pressurization and speed-up tool
表 1 2种规格钻杆的施工泵压
Table 1 Pumping pressures of drill pipe with two specifications
井深/m 排量/（L·s−1） 泵压/MPa ϕ73.0 mm钻杆 ϕ79.4 mm钻杆 1 700 8 17.91 15.09 1 900 19.86 15.58 2 100 21.48 16.38 2 300 23.12 17.34 2 500 24.73 18.36 
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表 2 不同尺寸套管作为完井尾管的优缺点
Table 2 Advantages and disadvantages of taking casing with different sizes as completion liner
管体外径/
mm管体内径/
mm接箍外径/
mm环空间隙/
mm对后期生产作业的影响 101.6 86.0 104.0 8.2 受井眼曲率影响，存在不能安全下入的风险，环空间隙小，水泥环薄 95.3 82.3 108.0 11.4 可以安全下入，采用“筛管+顶部注水泥”完井方式的井可用ϕ60.3 mm地质钻杆钻盲板 88.9 76.0 108.0 14.5 由于内径小，采用“筛管+顶部注水泥”完井方式的井没有适用于钻盲板的钻杆 73.0 62.0 89.5 22.5
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表 3 膨胀式尾管悬挂器膨胀前后的主要参数
Table 3 The key parameters of expansive hanger before and after expansion
条件 规格 外径/mm 内径/mm 悬挂器长度/m 胶筒外径/mm 悬挂力/kN 密封压差/MPa 膨胀前 ϕ139.7 mm×ϕ95.3 mm 108.0 94.5 4 112 500 50 膨胀后 118.5 105.5
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表 4 小井眼侧钻水平井钻井完井关键技术应用情况
Table 4 Application of key technologies for slim hole sidetracking horizontal wells
井号 井深/
m裸眼段长度/
m水平段长度/
m泵压/
MPa机械钻速/
（m·h−1）钻井周期/
d固井优质率，
%产液量/
（m3·d−1）产油量/
（t·d−1）含水率，
%CPA1 2 300.00 650 150 14～16 5.64 18.12 100 12.10 10.61 12.30 CPA2 2 181.00 531 205 15～16 6.12 13.42 100 8.96 6.78 24.33 CPA3 2 317.00 467 143 14～15 6.04 12.38 100 9.07 7.29 19.63 CPA4 2 236.00 759 167 15～16 6.58 15.56 100 6.54 5.38 17.74 CPA5 2 183.00 668 189 13～14 5.98 15.94 100 7.29 6.51 10.70 邻井 2 235.00 689 176 16～18 4.82 13.21 86 6.89 3.21 53.41
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表 5 钻井提速技术应用效果对比
Table 5 Application effect of drilling speed-up technology
井号 施工井段/m 钻井液密度/
（kg·L−1）钻井排量/
（L·s−1）泵压/MPa 进尺/m 机械钻速/
（m·h−1）钻井周期/d 备注 CPA2 1 650.00～2 181.00 1.11～1.15 7～9 15～16 531 6.12 13.42 应用提速技术 CPB1 1 700.00～2 206.00 1.11～1.15 6～8 18～20 506 4.89 19.65 未用提速技术 CPB2 1 680.00～2 198.00 1.11～1.15 7～9 19～22 518 5.03 18.56
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