Study and Performance Evaluation of a Glycerol-Based Drilling Fluid System with Strong Inhibition and High Lubricity
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摘要:
针对油基钻井液存在污染环境、环保处理工艺复杂和影响录井质量等问题，利用低碳醇具有强抑制性和高润滑性、能与水以任意比例互溶的优点，开发了适用于强水敏性地层的丙三醇基钻井液。考察了膨润土在不同低碳醇溶液中浸泡24 h后的膨胀率，据此优选丙三醇做为抑制润滑剂；丙三醇体积分数越大，丙三醇溶液的抑制性、润滑性越好，黏度越高。为了降低丙三醇的用量和提高抑制性，将30%丙三醇溶液与5%KCl复配作为基液，形成了丙三醇基钻井液。性能评价结果表明，丙三醇基钻井液的抑制性、润滑性与油基钻井液接近，抗温140 ℃，抗NaCl、CaCl2及钻屑污染，放置180 d后性能稳定，可重复使用；提高丙三醇加量，还可以进一步增强其抑制性和润滑性。丙三醇基钻井液对于强水敏性地层或对润滑性要求较高的地层具有较好的应用潜力，也为开发环保钻井液提供了新的方向。
Abstract:To address the problems of oil-based drilling fluid, such as environmental pollution, complex environmentaltreatment process and impact on logging quality, a glycerol-based drilling fluid suitable for strong water sensitive strata was developed for low-carbon alcohols strong inhibition, high lubricity and miscibility with water in any ratio. The swelling rate of bentonite in low-carbon alcohols solution for 24 h was investigated, and glycerol was selected as the optimal inhibition lubricant. The higher the volume fraction of glycerol, the better the inhibition, lubricity and viscosity of glycerol solution. In order to reduce alcohol consumption and further improve the inhibition, a glycerol-based drilling fluid system was formed by using 30% glycerol mixed with 5% KCl. The results of the performance evaluation show that the inhibition and lubricity of glycerol-based drilling fluid system are similar to those of oil-based drilling fluid, with temperature resistance of 140 ℃ and antipollution of NaCl, CaCl2 and drill cuttings. After six months of storage, the drilling fluid has achieved stable performance and can be reused. The inhibition and lubricity of drilling fluid can be further improved by increasing the dosage of glycerol. Glycerol-based drilling fluids can be used in strong water-sensitive stratum or with high requirement of lubricity. It shows a great application potential and this study also provides a development trend in environmental friendly drilling fluids.
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图 1 膨润土在不同低碳醇溶液中的膨胀率
Figure 1. Swelling rate of bentonite in different low carbon alcohol solutions
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图 2 膨润土在不同体积分数丙三醇溶液中的膨胀率
Figure 2. Swelling rate of bentonite in glycerol solutions with different volume fraction
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图 3 膨润土压块在不同体积分数丙三醇溶液中的状态
Figure 3. State of bentonite briquetting in glycerol solutions with different volume fractions
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图 4 不同体积分数丙三醇溶液的润滑系数
Figure 4. Lubrication coefficient of glycerol solutions with different volume fractions
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图 5 膨润土在丙三醇与不同盐复配溶液中的膨胀率
Figure 5. Swelling rate of bentonite in mixed solution of glycerol and different salts
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图 7 岩屑在不同钻井液的滚动回收率
Figure 7. Rolling recovery of cuttings in different drilling fluids
表 1 不同体积分数丙三醇溶液的流变性
Table 1 Rheological properties of glycerol solutions with different volume fractions
丙三醇体积
分数，%表观黏度/
（mPa·s）塑性黏度/
（mPa·s）动切力/
Pa10 1.0 1.0 0 20 1.5 1.5 0 30 3.5 3.0 0.5 40 4.5 4.0 0.5 50 6.5 6.0 0.5 60 11.5 11.0 0.5 70 34.5 34.0 0.5 80 58.5 58.0 0.5 
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表 2 KCl加量对丙三醇溶液性能的影响
Table 2 Effect of KCl dosage on the properties of glycerol solution
KCl加量/
g表观黏度/
（mPa·s）塑性黏度/
（mPa·s）动塑比 溶解性 0 3.5 3.0 0.5 溶解 5.0 3.5 3.0 0.5 溶解 10.0 3.5 3.0 0.5 溶解 15.0 3.5 3.0 0.5 溶解 19.5 3.5 3.0 0.5 溶解 20.0 3.5 3.0 0.5 有白色悬浮物 20.5 3.5 3.0 0.5 白色悬浮物增多 25.0 3.5 3.0 0.5 大量白色悬浮物
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表 3 丙三醇基钻井液在不同温度下热滚后的流变性
Table 3 Rheological properties of glycerol-based drilling fluid after heat rolling at different temperatures
温度/
℃表观黏度/
（mPa·s）塑性黏度/
（mPa·s）动切力/
PaAPI滤失
量/mL高温高压
滤失量/mL25 40.0 28 12.0 3.7 7.2 120 42.0 39 13.0 3.4 6.9 130 38.0 26 10.5 4.2 7.6 140 36.5 26 10.5 5.1 8.9 150 44.0 30 14.0 16.0 29.0
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表 4 丙三醇基钻井液抗污染能力测试结果
Table 4 The antipollution capacity of glycerol-based drilling fluids
钻井液体系 测试条件 表观黏度/（mPa·s） 塑性黏度/（mPa·s） 动切力/Pa API滤失量/mL 丙三醇基钻井液 热滚前 40.0 28 12.0 3.7 丙三醇基钻井液+10.0%NaCl 热滚前 38.0 28 10.0 3.2 热滚后 37.0 27 10.0 3.8 丙三醇基钻井液+1.5%CaCl2 热滚前 36.0 26 10.0 6.3 热滚后 34.5 24 10.5 8.6 丙三醇基钻井液+10.0%钻屑 热滚前 44.0 32 12.0 3.0 热滚后 45.0 33 12.0 5.7
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表 5 丙三醇基钻井液稳定性测试结果
Table 5 Stability test results of a glycerol-based drilling fluid
放置时间/
d测试
条件表观黏度/
（mPa·s）塑性黏度/
（mPa·s）动切力/
PaAPI滤失
量/mL0 热滚前 40.0 28 12.0 3.7 30 热滚前 40.0 28 12.0 3.4 热滚后 38.0 26 10.5 4.2 90 热滚前 40.0 28 12.0 3.2 热滚后 37.0 26 11.0 4.8 180 热滚前 38.5 28 12.0 4.1 热滚后 35.0 24 11.0 6.4
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