Key Technologies for Drilling Horizontal Wells in Tight Oil and Gas Reservoirs in the Cangdong Sag
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摘要:
为了提高沧东凹陷致密油气藏长水平段水平井的钻井安全和效率，分析了地层特点及钻进中面临的摩阻扭矩大、井眼轨迹控制难度大、紫红色泥岩地层钻速低和石膏层污染钻井液等技术难点，进行了井身结构优化、井眼轨道设计和井眼轨迹控制方式优选、钻井设备及工具优选、钻井液体系优选和性能优化、提速提效技术措施选择及套管安全下入方式优选，形成了沧东凹陷致密油气藏水平井钻井关键技术。在GD1701H井和GD1702H井的现场试验表明，该钻井关键技术可以解决沧东凹陷致密油气藏水平井钻井存在的技术难题，满足安全高效钻井的需求。综合研究认为，沧东凹陷致密油气藏水平井钻井关键技术应用效果良好，可为该类油气藏水平井钻井提供技术支持，建议进行推广。
Abstract:In order to safely and efficiently drill the long lateral horizontal wells in the tight reservoirs of the Cangdong Sag, a team analyzed the characteristics of the strata as well as the drilling challenges such as large friction torque, well trajectory control difficulty, low ROP in the purple-red mudstone, and drilling fluid contamination in gypsum layer. The key technologies and guidelines for horizontal well drilling in the tight reservoirs of Cangdong Sag were formed by developing casing program optimization, well trajectory and its control design, drilling equipment and tools optimization, drilling fluid system optimization, rapid and efficient drilling technical measures optimization and safety casing RIH methods selection,. Field tests on two wells of GD1701H and GD1702H show that the application of key drilling technologies can successfully overcome such drilling challenges as difficulty in controlling the well trajectory, stringent requirements for drilling fluid anti-gypsum contamination and lubrication/anti-sticking, and low ROP in Kongdian Group. According to the comprehensive research, the key technologies of horizontal well drilling in tight oil and gas reservoirs of Cangdong Sag have achieved good results in field applications, which can provide technical support in horizontal well drilling for similar reservoirs, and can be promoted widely.
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图 1 大钩载荷和扭矩模拟计算结果
Figure 1. Simulation calculation results of the hook load and torque
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图 2 循环压耗模拟计算结果
Figure 2. Simulation calculation results of the circulation pressure loss
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图 5 井眼清洁工具基本结构
1.耐磨带；2.螺旋棱；3.导流槽；4.叶轮
Figure 5. The basic structure of the wellbore cleaning tool
表 1 沧东凹陷致密油气藏水平井钻井关键技术试验数据
Table 1 Key technical test data for horizontal well drilling in tight oil and gas reservoirs of Cangdong Sag
井号 水平位移/m 水平段长/m 井深/m 垂深/m 井斜角/（°） 方位角/（°） 钻井周期/d 机械钻速/（m·h–1） GD1701H 1 984.00 1 449.10 5 465.00 3 851.30 91.3 91.5 55.2 13.2 GD1702H 1 835.90 1 310.10 5 275.40 3 930.40 85.1 193.4 63.2 10.0 
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