Key Drilling Techniques of Liwan22-1-1 Ultra-Deepwater Well in East of South China Sea
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摘要:
荔湾22–1–1超深水井位于南海东部海域，作业水深2 619.35 m，是目前国内作业水深最深的超深水井。针对该井钻井中存在的水深、海底低温、安全密度窗口极窄、浅部地层成岩性差、隔水管及钻柱力学行为复杂等技术难点，采取了周密的钻井工程设计和现场精细化管理，并应用了喷射下导管技术、FLAT-PRO恒流变合成基钻井液、低温早强水泥浆表层套管固井技术、钻井液当量循环密度随钻监测技术等关键技术措施，安全高效地完成了钻井作业，创造了国内外相同水深钻井周期最短纪录，工程质量全优。荔湾22–1–1超深水井的成功标志着我国超深水钻井技术取得重大突破，不但为我国超深水井钻井积累了宝贵的经验，也对国内外超深水钻井技术的发展具有一定的促进和借鉴作用。
Abstract:Liwan 22-1-1 ultra-deep water well is located in the eastern section of the South China Sea, with an operating water depth of 2 199.35 m, and is the deepest deep water well in China. Addressing to technical challenges of ultra water depth, low seabed temperature, extremely narrow safety pressure window, poor diagenesis of shallow stratum, complicated mechanical behaviors of riser and drill string, mature drilling engineering design and precise on-site management had been implemented, and some key technical measures including jetting conductor driving in, FLAT-PRO constant rheological synthetic drilling fluid, low temperature early strength cement slurry surface casing cementing, drilling fluid equivalent circulation density (ECD) monitoring while drilling, etc, had been adopted to fulfill the drilling safely and efficiently, which established the record of shortest drilling cycle under the same water depth in the world, and achieved an excellent project engineering quality. The successful drilling of Liwan 22-1-1 ultra-deep water well marked a major breakthrough in China's ultra-deep water drilling technology. It not only accumulated valuable experience for China's ultra-deep water well drilling, but also promoted and guided the development of ultra-deep water drilling technologies across the globe.
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Keywords:
- marine drilling /
- ultra-deepwater drilling /
- engineering design /
- Well Liwan22-1-1 /
- South China Sea
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图 2 荔湾22–1–1井喷射下导管钻压曲线
Figure 2. WOB curve of jetting conductor driving in Well Liwan 22-1-1
表 1 荔湾22–1–1井FLAT-PRO恒流变合成基钻井液基本性能
Table 1 Basic performance of FLAT-PRO constant rheological synthetic drilling fluid system in Well Liwan 22-1-1
井眼/mm 密度/（kg·L–1） 漏斗黏度/s 塑性黏度/（mPa·s） 动切力/Pa 油水比① ϕ6/ϕ3读数 444.5 1.06~1.08 60~90 尽量低 8~20 75:25~85:15 7~18/8~20 311.1 1.12 50 尽量低 7 75:25 7/6 注：①为基础油（Escaid110）与30.0%CaCl2盐水的比值。 
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表 2 荔湾22–1–1井隔水管系统配置
Table 2 Configuration of the riser system in Well Liwan 22-1-1
名称 数量 单根长度/m 区域长度/m 距离海底高度/m 转喷器+上挠性接头 1 5.10 5.10 2644.63 适配短节 1 10.67 10.67 2639.53 伸缩节 1 34.29 34.86 2628.86 短节 1 7.62 7.62 2594.01 隔水管裸单根 2 22.86 45.72 2586.39 隔水管单根/762 m浮力块① 4 22.86 91.44 2540.67 填充阀 1 6.10 6.10 2449.23 隔水管单根/762 m浮力块① 24 22.86 548.64 2443.13 隔水管单根/1 524 m浮力块① 26 22.86 594.36 1894.49 隔水管单根/2 286 m浮力块① 26 22.86 594.36 1300.13 隔水管单根/3 048 m浮力块① 30 22.86 685.80 705.77 下挠性接头、防喷器组 1 15.47 15.47 19.97 井口 1 4.50 4.50 4.50 注：①中的数值指该类型浮力块设计可以下入的最大水深。
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