An Analytical Method for Determining the Motion Characteristics and Abnormal Conditions of Near-Bit Bottom Hole Assembly
-
摘要: 目前利用相关理论模型并结合地面录井参数分析井下钻具运动特征及异常状态的方法不够准确。基于快速傅里叶变换理论和PDC钻头牙齿受力方程，建立了井底钻具运动特征的分析方法；根据一维不稳定流动理论，结合加速度理论，建立了井底异常状态的分析方法。理论分析结果与现场试验数据吻合较好。理论分析及实测结果表明：在实测井段中，滑动钻进时井底各工程参数的频谱图中存在与螺杆转子相同转动频率的主频，旋转钻进时井底各工程参数的频谱图中存在2个主频，一个与螺杆转子的转动频率相等，另一个与钻柱的转动频率相等；井底钻具阻卡后，管内压力出现第一个压力峰值的时间是环空压力出现第一个压力谷值时间的2倍，同时扭矩及振动传感器读数变化剧烈。研究表明，利用井底工程参数频谱图的主频特征可以区分滑动钻进与旋转钻进阶段，同时可获得井底钻具及螺杆的转动状态；利用管内压力、环空压力、扭矩及加速度传感器的读数变化特征可判断井下是否出现异常。建立的分析方法可为安全快速钻井及井下专家系统的建立提供理论参考。Abstract: The performance of relevant theoretical models combined with surface mud logging parameters has unfavorable accuracy in analyzing the motion characteristics and abnormal conditions of BHA.Based on the fast Fourier transform theory and the PDC bit teeth force bearing equation,one analytical method was established for modeling the motion characteristics of BHA and according to the one-dimensional unsteady flow theory and the acceleration theory,one analytical method for bottom hole abnormal conditions was set up.The theoretical analytical results aligned well with the field test data.As shown by the theoretical analysis and the measured results,in the measuring interval,there was a dominant frequency,whose rotating frequency was the same as that of PDM in the spectrograms of engineering parameters during sliding drilling.While during rotary drilling,there were two dominant frequencies present in the spectrograms of engineering parameters,whose rotating frequencies were equal to those of PDM and drill string respectively.In case of the drilling tools bouncing on the bottom,the time of the first casing pressure peak was twice that of the first annulus pressure valley,and the torque and vibration sensor readings changed dramatically.The research demonstrated that the dominant frequency characteristics of the bottom hole engineering parameter spectrograms could be used to distinguish the sliding drilling and the rotary drilling.Meanwhile,the rotation status of BHA and PDM could be obtained.The downhole abnormal conditions could be judged based on variations of casing pressure,annulus pressure,torque and acceleration sensor readings.This analysis method could provide a theoretical reference for safe and rapid drilling and the establishment of a downhole expertise system.
-
-
[1] 刘清友,黄本生.牙轮钻头横向振动模型的建立及求解[J].天然气工业,2001,21(4):55-56. LIU Qingyou,HUANG Bensheng.Establishment of lateral vibration dynamic model of roller cone rock bit and its solution[J].Natural Gas Industry,2001,21(4):55-56. [2] 刘清友,马德坤,钟青.钻柱扭转振动模型的建立及求解[J].石油学报,2000,21(2):78-82. LIU Qingyou,MA Dekun,ZHONG Qing.A drilling string torsional vibration model and its solution[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(2):78-82. [3] 韩加庚,汪海阁,林玥翔,等.基于地表数据的井下振动识别与控制[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(2):144-150. HAN Jiageng,WANG Haige,LIN Yuexiang,et al.Identification and control of downhole vibration based on surface data[J].Oil Drilling Production Technology,2016,38(2):144-150. [4] 吴斌,吴丰,李建龙,等.随钻振动和冲击参数监测在钻井过程中的应用[J].断块油气田,2015,22(1):113-115. WU Bin,WU Feng,LI Jianlong,et al.Application of vibration and shock parameter monitoring while drilling in drilling process[J].Fault-Block Oil Gas Field,2015,22(1):113-115. [5] 滕学清,狄勤丰,李宁,等.超深井钻柱粘滑振动特征的测量与分析[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(2):32-39. TENG Xueqing,DI Qinfeng,LI Ning,et al.Measurement and analysis of stick-slip characteristics of drill string in ultra-deep wells[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(2):32-39. [6] DYKSTRA M W,CHEN D C-K,WARREN T M,et al.Experimental evaluations of drill bit and drill string dynamics[R].SPE 28323,1994.
[7] MACPHERSON J D,JOGI P,KINGMAN J E,et al.Application and analysis of simultaneous near bit and surface dynamics measurements[R].SPE 39397,1998.
[8] 李田军.PDC钻头破碎岩石的力学分析与机理研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2012. LI Tianjun.Mechanical analysis and fragmentation mechanism of PDC bits drilling rock[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),2012. [9] 田家林,刘刚,杨琳,等.增强造斜易控性的新型PDC钻头工作特性[J].石油学报,2015,36(7):882-889. TIAN Jialin,LIU Gang,YANG Lin,et al.Characteristic of new-style PDC bit with whipstocking controllability[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(7):882-889. [10] KOVALYSHEN Y.A simple model of bit whirl for deep drilling applications[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2013,332(24):6321-6334.
[11] PERNEDER L,DETOURNAY E,DOWNTON G.Bit/rock interface laws in directional drilling[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2012,51:81-90.
[12] 程乾生.数字信号处理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012:29-90. CHENG Qiansheng.Digital signal processing[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2012:29-90. [13] 苏义脑.螺杆钻具研究及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:11-40. SU Yinao.Research and application of screw drilling tools[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001:11-40. [14] 谭春飞.深井超深井涡轮钻具复合钻井提高钻速技术研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012. TAN Chunfei.The ROP technical research on turbo-drill composite drilling in deep ultra-deep well[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2012. [15] 左运峰,周文华,檀惊涛,等.降低螺杆钻具失效的现场技术措施[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(增刊2):36-38. ZUO Yunfeng,ZHOU Wenhua,TAN Jingtao,et al.Technical field measures to reduce screwdrill failure[J].Oil Drilling Production Technology,2009,31(supplement 2):36-38. [16] 樊洪海.实用钻井流体力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2014:302-320. FAN Honghai.Practical drilling fluid mechanics[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2014:302-320. [17] 孔祥伟,林元华,邱伊婕,等.钻井泥浆泵失控/重载引发的波动压力[J].石油学报,2015,36(1):114-119. KONG Xiangwei,LIN Yuanhua,QIU Yijie,et al.Fluctuating pressure caused by runaway/overload of mud pump in drilling operations[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(1):114-119. [18] BACON W A.Consideration of compressibility effects for applied-back-pressure dynamic well control response to a gas kick in managed pressure drilling operations[D].Arlington:University of Texas,2011.
[19] 刘伟,周英操,王瑛,等.井下振动测量、分析原理研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2012,34(1):14-18. LIU Wei,ZHOU Yingcao,WANG Ying,et al.Study on downhole vibration measurement and analysis theory[J].Oil Drilling Production Technology,2012,34(1):14-18. [20] 狄勤丰,平俊超,李宁,等.钻柱振动信息测量技术研究进展[J].力学与实践,2015,37(5):565-579. DI Qinfeng,PING Junchao,LI Ning,et al.Progress in measurement technology for drill string vibration[J].Mechanics in Engineering,2015,37(5):565-579. [21] 高德利,高宝奎,耿瑞平.钻柱涡动特性分析[J].石油钻采工艺,1996,18(6):9-13. GAO Deli,GAO Baokui,GENG Ruiping.Analysis of drillstring whirling[J].Oil Drilling Production Technology,1996,18(6):9-13. [22] 王珍应,林建,施太和,等.钻柱振动特性分析与井底岩性识别方法初探[J].钻采工艺,2000,23(6):1-3. WANG Zhenying,LIN Jian,SHI Taihe,et al.Analysis of vibration property for drilling string and discussion on recognition method of bottomhole lithology[J].Drilling Production Technology,2000,23(6):1-(3.) [23] DUNAYEVSKY V A,ABBASSIAN F,JUDZIS A.Dynamic stability of drillstrings under fluctuating weight on bit[J].SPE Drilling Completion,1993,8(2):84-92.
[24] 苏义脑.水平井螺杆钻具的受力特征[J].石油钻采工艺,1999,21(1):6-15. SU Yinao.Characteristic of force applied on positive displacement drill in horizontal drilling[J].Oil Drilling Production Technology,1999,21(1):6-15.
计量
- 文章访问数: 1753
- HTML全文浏览量: 96
- PDF下载量: 2072
下载:
