基于语义检索与图谱推理的卡钻处置措施智能生成方法

Intelligent Generation of Stuck Pipe Handling Measures Based on Semantic Retrieval and Graph Reasoning

  • 摘要: 针对钻井工程中卡钻故障处置过度依赖现场经验、故障特征与处置措施匹配精度不高、决策响应滞后等问题,提出一种基于语义检索与图谱推理的卡钻处置措施智能生成方法。首先,整合多源钻井工程数据,构建了包含故障特征、处置措施及应用效果的钻井卡钻知识图谱,实现领域知识的结构化组织与关联表达。在此基础上,提出“切分—匹配—识别—检索—生成”五步检索流程:将用户非结构化故障描述切分为语义短句,采用BGE-M3向量编码与Chroma索引进行短句−节点语义匹配,通过特征工程与大语言模型混合分类推断卡钻类型,并在Neo4j图谱中进行多跳检索获得结构化处置子图,最终输入大语言模型生成处置建议。同时,构建了“操作合理性—层次合理性—完整性”三维评估模型,对生成措施进行量化评估与分级推荐。现场卡钻案例评价结果表明,该方法生成的处置措施符合率达94.5%,相比纯大语言模型方法提升29.0百分点,验证了方法的有效性与工程实用性。研究表明,语义检索与图谱推理的深度融合能够降低卡钻处置对现场经验的依赖,提升故障特征与处置措施的匹配精度与决策响应效率,为钻井工程智能化应急管理提供了知识可溯、工程可用的新型技术方案。

     

    Abstract: To address the excessive reliance on on-site experience, low matching accuracy between fault characteristics and handling measures, and delayed decision-making responses in stuck pipe incident handling, this paper proposes an intelligent generation method for handling measures based on semantic retrieval and graph reasoning. First, multi-source drilling engineering data are integrated to construct a stuck pipe knowledge graph encompassing fault characteristics, formation parameters, operational parameters, handling measures, and application effects, thereby enabling structured organization and relational representation of domain knowledge. On this basis, a five-step retrieval process of "segmentation–matching–recognition–retrieval–generation" is proposed: the user's unstructured fault description is segmented into semantic sentences; BGE-M3 vector encoding and Chroma indexing are used for sentence-node semantic matching; the stuck pipe type is inferred via hybrid classification combining feature engineering and a large language model; multi-hop retrieval in the Neo4j graph yields a structured handling subgraph, which is then fed into a large language model to generate handling recommendations. In addition, a three-dimensional evaluation model encompassing "operational rationality, hierarchical rationality, and completeness" is established for quantitative assessment and prioritized recommendation of the generated measures. Experimental results on 55 field stuck pipe cases demonstrate that the compliance rate of the generated handling measures reaches 94.5%, representing a 29.0 percentage point improvement over the pure large language model approach, thereby verifying the method's effectiveness and engineering practicality. The deep integration of semantic retrieval and graph reasoning effectively reduces the reliance on on-site experience in stuck pipe handling, improves matching accuracy, and enhances decision-making response efficiency, providing a knowledge-traceable and field-applicable technical solution for intelligent emergency management in drilling engineering.

     

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