红星地区吴家坪组超深层页岩压裂实践及认识

Practice and Understanding of Ultra-Deep Shale Fracturing in Wujiaping Formation, Hongxing Area

  • 摘要: 红星地区吴家坪组页岩具有灰质含高量、抗压强度高、应力差大和层理缝发育等特点,压裂时存在施工压力高、压力窗口窄、加砂困难、复杂缝形成难度大、高闭合压力下支撑剂破碎和嵌入严重等难题。为此,进行了多轮工艺迭代优化,采用“深穿透+前置酸”组合工艺,页岩破裂压力降低5 MPa以上;采用大排量与交替变黏施工,微地震监测缝网复杂度提升10.5%;采用以粉砂为主的“微细支撑”的改造理念,进一步扩大了支撑范围,并形成了“降破压、促复杂、增导流”为核心的压裂技术体系。X-9HF井最大埋深4 855.40 m,现场应用后测试产量25.72×104 m3/d,实现了超深层页岩气勘探突破,新增探明储量超千亿立方米。红星地区吴家坪组突破为其他深层超深层页岩气勘探开发提供了理论依据与技术借鉴。

     

    Abstract: The Wujiaping Formation shale in the Hongxing area is characterized by high carbonate content, high compressive strength, large stress differences, and development of bedding fractures. During fracturing, challenges such as high treatment pressure, narrow pressure windows, difficult proppant placement, difficulties in creating complex fractures, and severe proppant crushing and embedment under a high closure pressure are encountered. To address these problems, multiple rounds of process optimization were carried out. A combined technique of “deep penetration + prepad acid” was adopted, reducing the shale breakdown pressure by more than 5 MPa. High flow rate and alternating viscosity were employed, and microseismic monitoring indicated a 10.5% increase in fracture network complexity. A stimulation concept centered on “micro-fine proppant” dominated by silt was implemented, further expanding the propped area, and a fracturing technology system with the core principles of “reducing breakdown pressure, promoting fracture network complexity, and enhancing conductivity” was established. Field application in X-9HF with a maximum burial depth of 4 855.40 m achieved test production of 25.72×104 m3/d, marking a breakthrough in ultra-deep shale gas exploration and adding over 100 billion cubic meters of proven reserves. The breakthrough in the Wujiaping Formation of Hongxing area provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the exploration and development of other deep and ultra-deep shale gas reservoirs.

     

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