Abstract:
The Wujiaping Formation shale in the Hongxing area is distinguished by high calcareous content, high compressive strength, high differential stress, and well-developed bedding planes. These lithological and mechanical properties cause high fracturing pressures, narrow operating windows, difficult proppant placement, limited generation of complex fractures, and severe proppant crushing and embedment under high closure stress. To address these issues, multiple rounds of process optimization were carried out. A combined technique of deep-penetration perforation and acid pre-treatment lowered the fracture breakdown pressure by more than 5 MPa. High-rate pumping with alternating-viscosity fluids improved fracture network complexity by 10.5%, as confirmed by microseismic monitoring. A micro-proppant strategy, primarily using fine sand, effectively expanded the propped area. Based on these measures, a fracturing technology system was established, focusing on three core objectives: reducing breakdown pressure, promoting fracture complexity, and enhancing fracture conductivity. Well X-9HF, with a maximum burial depth of
4855.4 m, was tested under this system and delivered a gas production rate of 25.72×10
4 m
3/d. This successful field application marked a breakthrough in ultra-deep shale gas exploration and added over 100 billion cubic meters of proved reserves. The experience gained from the Hongxing area offers a valuable reference for future deep and ultra-deep shale gas development in China.