大庆油田基于多技术协同的剩余油高效提产技术

Efficient Remaining Oil Production Enhancement Technology in Daqing Oilfield Based on Integrated Application of Multiple Technologies

  • 摘要: 大庆油田已进入高采出率、高含水率的开发后期,面临着剩余油高度零散分布、水淹严重、套损井比例攀升,以及不停注、不降压条件下钻井施工风险高等问题。为解决这些问题,通过攻关超短半径水平井技术、调整井控压钻井技术和控水套损防治技术,构建了该3项技术协同应用的“剩余油靶向挖潜—低成本加密调整—水窜动态抑制—套损长效防控”全链条剩余油高效提产技术。超短半径水平井技术通过地质工程一体化、随钻测控和高造斜柔性钻具等技术,实现老井侧钻,精准连通分散的剩余油富集区域,扩大泄油面积,显著提高单井产量,并可用于恢复套损井产能。调整井控压钻井技术基于精确的地层压力预测模型,应用精细控压钻井系统,在“边注边采边钻”条件下,实现井筒压力的精准、自动调控,保障在不关井或有限关井条件下的钻井安全与固井质量。控水套损防治技术包括全封固井水泥面控制技术、长胶筒封隔器技术、自增压式双卡高压层固井技术及中空结构双层套管技术,可有效抑制高压层流体溢出、提高固井质量,并通过建立缓冲间隙减缓地层蠕变对套管的直接作用力,从而预防和控制套管损坏。大庆油田在地层压力系数1.8~2.0的117口井中应用了多技术协同剩余油高效提产技术,实现了在不关井或有限关井条件下的安全钻完井,固井质量显著提升(优质率提高35.8百分点),平均套损率同比下降9.0百分点,并延长了油井使用年限,累计增产油量11.25×104 t。多技术协同剩余油高效提产技术为大庆油田乃至同类高含水老油田的稳产增效提供了技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: Daqing Oilfield has entered a late development stage, characterized by a high recovery rate and high water cut. At this stage, it faces multiple challenges, including a highly scattered distribution of remaining oil reserves, severe water flooding, an increasing proportion of casing-damaged wells, and elevated drilling risks under conditions of continuous injection and operations without depressurization. To address these challenges, a full-chain production enhancement technology was developed based on the integrated application of three key technologies, including ultra-short radius horizontal well technology, managed pressure drilling for adjustment wells, and water control and casing damage prevention technology. The integrated technology system includes targeted tapping of remaining oil potential, low-cost infill and adjustment operations, dynamic suppression of water channeling, and long-term casing damage control. Ultra-short radius horizontal well technology achieved sidetracking from existing wells through geology-engineering integration, measurement and control while drilling, and the use of high-build-rate flexible drilling tools, etc. The approach accurately connected dispersed remaining oil-enriched zones, expanded the drainage area, and significantly increased single-well production. The technology was also applied to restore the productivity of casing-damaged wells. The managed pressure drilling technology for adjustment wells was based on accurate formation pressure prediction models and employed a refined managed pressure drilling system. It enabled precise and automated control of wellbore pressure under conditions of simultaneous injection, production, and drilling, thus ensuring drilling safety and cementing quality without shut-in or with only limited shut-in. The water control and casing damage prevention technology included full-seal cementing surface control, long rubber-element packer technology, self-pressurizing dual-packer cementing for high-pressure formations, and double-layer casing with hollow-structure technology. These measures effectively suppressed fluid overflow from high-pressure formations, improved cementing bond quality, and mitigated the direct impact of formation creep on casing by providing a buffering clearance, thus preventing and controlling casing damage. The integrated application of multiple remaining oil production enhancement technologies was implemented in 117 wells with formation pressure coefficients ranging from 1.8 to 2.0 in Daqing Oilfield, achieving safe drilling and completion without shut-in or with limited shut-in. Cementing quality was significantly improved, with the proportion of high-quality cementing increasing by 35.8 percentage points. As a result, the average casing damage rate decreased by 9 percentage points year-on-year, the service life of oil wells was extended, and cumulative incremental oil production reached 1.125××104 t. The proposed method provides robust technical support for maintaining stable production and improving operational efficiency in Daqing Oilfield, as well as other mature oilfields with high water cut.

     

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