Abstract: Surface logging has played a significant role in the exploration breakthroughs and rapid production increase in the deep layers, deep sea, unconventional resources, mature fields, and new blocks. The“15th Five-Year Plan”period is a crucial window for surface logging to achieve intelligent transformation. In order to promote the high-quality development of surface logging, the main progress made during the“14th Five-Year Plan”period was systematically summarized from such five aspects as geological information surface logging, engineering information surface logging, integrated geological and engineering surface logging, automated surface logging, and intelligent surface logging, etc. The opportunities for the development of surface logging were analyzed from four aspects: the urgent need for cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the oil and gas field, the exploration of ultra-deep wells over 10,000 meters, the vigorous rise of new energy, and the rapid development of artificial intelligence, etc. The challenges faced by the development of surface logging were analyzed in terms of weak basic theory, insufficient advanced technology, shortcomings in services, and poor development ecology. It was proposed that surface logging should be based on site and mobile laboratories and focus on two objects, namely formation information and engineering information. Moreover, efforts should be made in five directions: enhancing the potential of existing technologies, developing new quality technologies, integrating diverse technologies, achieving intelligent transformation and upgrading, and expanding service areas. The summary of these advancements and the proposal of directions play a guiding role for surface logging in seizing opportunities and overcoming challenges and have a promoting effect on theoretical deepening, paradigm transformation, value enhancement, and ecological improvement.