南海X区块超深水开发井固井技术

Cementing Technologies for Ultra-Deepwater Development Wells in Block X of the South China Sea

  • 摘要: 随着海洋深水及超深水油气资源勘探开发的深入,复杂的地层环境给固井作业带来了更为严峻的挑战。在超深水低温、高压且可能含有天然气水合物的环境中,常规水泥浆难以满足固井作业的安全需求。为了实现长期有效的固井效果,开发了适用于超深水开发井的固井技术。该技术包括一种适用于超深水低温环境的低水化热水泥浆,与常规水泥浆相比,该水泥浆的水化放热量降低了23%以上,有效降低了天然气水合物分解的风险,且对水泥的强度无影响。建立了海洋超深水井筒传热模型,在迭代求解该模型的基础上,开发了海洋超深水井底循环温度(BHCT)模拟预测软件,并利用研制的BHCT井下测量工具验证了海洋超深水井筒传热模型的准确性。同时,研发了一种具有良好乳化和润湿反转效果的高效油基冲洗液,提高了油基滤饼的冲洗效率。南海X区块的11口开发井应用了超深水开发井固井技术,固井施工顺利,固井质量优良。研究和现场应用表明,超深水开发井的固井技术解决了超深水低温、高压且可能含有天然气水合物环境的固井技术难点,可以为超深水油气资源的开发提供技术支持。

     

    Abstract: As the exploration and development of deepwater and ultra-deepwater oil and gas resources in the ocean proceed, the complex stratigraphic environment has brought more severe challenges to cementing operations. In an environment of ultra-deep water with low temperature, high pressure, and possibly natural gas hydrates, conventional cement slurry is difficult to meet the safety requirements of cementing operations. In order to achieve long-term and effective cementing, a set of cementing technologies applicable to ultra-deepwater development wells was developed, including a cement slurry with low heat of hydration suitable for ultra-deepwater and low-temperature environments. Compared with conventional cement slurry, the heat release of hydration of this cement slurry is reduced by more than 23%, effectively reducing the risk of hydrate decomposition and causing no effect on the strength of cement. In addition, a heat transfer model for marine ultra-deepwater wellbores was established. Based on the iterative solution of this model, a simulation and prediction software for marine ultra-deepwater bottom hole circulating temperature (BHCT) was developed, and the accuracy of the heat transfer model for marine ultra-deepwater wellbores was verified through the developed BHCT downhole measurement tools. Meanwhile, a highly efficient oil-based flushing fluid with good emulsification and wetting reversal effects was developed, which improved the flushing efficiency of oil-based filter cakes. The 11 development wells in Block X of the South China Sea have adopted the cementing technologies for ultra-deepwater development wells. The cementing construction went smoothly, and the cementing quality was excellent. Research and field applications show that the cementing technologies for ultra-deepwater development wells can solve the technical difficulties of cementing in the low-temperature, high-pressure, and possibly hydrate-containing environment of ultra-deep water, providing technical support for the development of ultra-deepwater oil and gas resources.

     

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