Abstract: To address the challenges of safe drilling and speed improvement and efficiency enhancement in the development of marine deep oil and gas resources, this study systematically reviews the global research progress in marine deep drilling technologies. Through literature review and engineering case analysis, the core technical bottlenecks and development pathways of marine deep drilling were identified. The study reveals the common challenges in marine deep drilling, including high-temperature and high-pressure in reservoirs, low rock-breaking efficiency in hard formations, poor core quality, and difficulties in wellbore trajectory control, etc. While current technologies have achieved some phased breakthroughs in geothermal field prediction, high-temperature rock-breaking tools, long-barrel coring devices, and steering drilling systems, significant gaps still remain in the areas such as high-temperature rock breaking mechanisms, intelligent drilling measurement and control equipment, and long-term wellbore stability, etc. Based on full life cycle engineering requirements, five key research directions are proposed: establishing a multi-field coupled temperature prediction model for wellbores, developing hybrid polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC)/impregnated diamond cutter (DIC)rock-breaking tools, developing downhole motor-driven coring systems, designing fully mechanical high-temperature-resistant well inclination measurement and control structures, and developing high sealing and strong inhibition drilling fluid systems. These findings provide a systematic technological development framework and practical guidance for the safe and efficient development of marine deep oil and gas resources.