南海东部恩平21−4油田超深大位移井钻井液技术

马积贺; 耿铁; 宋晓伟; 狄明利; 杨波

doi:10.11911/syztjs.2025025

南海东部恩平21−4油田超深大位移井钻井液技术

马积贺^{1, 2,},
耿铁^{1, 2},
宋晓伟^{1, 2},
狄明利^{1, 2},
杨波^{1, 2}

1.
中海油田服务股份有限公司，河北廊坊 065201
2.
中国海洋石油集团有限公司海上钻完井液与固井重点实验室，河北廊坊 065201

基金项目: 中国海洋石油集团有限公司海上钻完井液与固井重点实验室科研项目“浅层大位移井钻井液工艺及模拟评价技术研究”（编号：YHB23YF007）资助。

详细信息

作者简介:
马积贺（1983—），男，黑龙江齐齐哈尔人，2015年毕业于长江大学石油工程专业，高级工程师，主要从事钻井液完井液技术研究工作。E-mail：majh5@cosl.com.cn

中图分类号: TE254
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-20
- 修回日期: 2025-03-12
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-28

Drilling Fluid Technology for Ultra-Deep Displacement Wells in Enping 21-4 Oilfield in the eastern South China Sea

MA Jihe^{1, 2,},
GENG Tie^{1, 2},
SONG Xiaowei^{1, 2},
DI Mingli^{1, 2},
YANG Bo^{1, 2}

1.
China Oilfield Services Limited, Langfang, Hebei, 065201, China
2.
CNOOC Key Laboratory of Offshore Driling Fluids and Cementing, Langfang, Hebei, 065201, China

摘要

摘要:
南海东部恩平21−4油田是典型的边际油田，在该油田超深大位移井钻井中存在井眼难以清洁、疏松砂岩承压能力低、钻遇多条断层、摩阻扭矩大、下套管易遇阻等风险挑战。为解决该油田的钻井问题，选择BIODRILL S合成基钻井液，并优选了合成基液、降滤失剂、流型调节剂、润滑剂，优化了乳化剂加量，调整了BIODRILL S合成基钻井液配方。室内性能评价结果表明，该配方能够保持良好、稳定的流变性能，具有较高的低剪切速率，抑制性强，封堵性、抗污染性、润滑性能优异，高温高压滤失量2.4 mL，极压润滑系数0.03～0.06，满足恩平21−4油田超深大位移井钻井要求。按该配方配制的BIODRILL S合成基钻井液及研究的关键配套技术在南海东部超深大位移井A1H井、EP−X井进行了现场应用，应用表明：体系性能稳定，具有较好的携岩能力，润滑性能优异，ϕ311.1 mm井眼钻进期间摩阻系数为0.17～0.21，下ϕ244.5 mm套管时裸眼摩阻系数为0.40～0.45，钻井过程顺利。该钻井液技术不但有效解决了南海东部超深大位移井的钻井难题，还为该海域万米级大位移井的钻井提供了技术手段。
- 合成基钻井液 /
- 低剪切速率 /
- 井壁稳定 /
- 摩阻 /
- 超深大位移井 /
- 恩平21-4油田
Abstract:
Enping 21-4 oilfield in the eastern part of the South China Sea is a typical marginal oilfield. The reservoir is shallow in depth, with large unconsolidated sandstone formations and wide distribution of sandstone particle size. During drilling, there are risks and challenges such as clean hole, low pressure bearing capacity of unconsolidated sandstone and easy leakage, drilling multiple faults, large friction and torque, and casing resistance. According to the formation characteristics and technical challenges of this oilfield, the BIODRILL S synthetic base drilling fluid system was optimized. The system has good rheology, high low shear rate, excellent inhibition, sealing property, anti-pollution and excellent lubricity. The high temperature and high pressure filtration loss is 2.4 mL, and the extreme pressure lubrication coefficient is 0.03～0.06. Well A1H in Enping 21-4 Oilfield is the first self-designed and implemented ultra-deep extended reach well in China. BIODRILL S system was applied for the first time in ultra-deep extended reach well in eastern South China Sea. The results show that: The system has stable performance and the reading of low shear rate ϕ6 stays above 12, so it has good rock carrying capability. Excellent lubrication performance, the friction coefficient of ϕ311.1 mm hole drilling is 0.17～0.21, the friction coefficient of ϕ244.5 mm casing open hole is 0.40～0.45, the drilling process is smooth. The successful application of this system has a guiding significance for the popularization and application of drilling fluid technology in shallow ultra-deep extended reach wells.
- synthetic base drilling fluid /
- low shear rate /
- wall stability /
- friction force /
- ultra-deep extended reach well /
- Enping 21-4 Oilfield

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图 1 几种不同基液的碳数分布

Figure 1. Carbon number distribution of different base oils

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图 2 不同润滑剂下的扭矩降低率对比

Figure 2. Comparative evaluation of torque reduction rate of different lubricants

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图 3 不同润滑剂下的磨斑直径降低率对比

Figure 3. Comparative evaluation of wear spot diameter reduction rates with different lubricants

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图 4 A1H井ϕ311.1 mm井眼钻井液密度与当量循环密度的变化

Figure 4. Change of drilling fluid density and ECD for the ϕ311.1 mm in Well A1H

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图 5 A1H井ϕ215.9 mm井眼钻井液密度与当量循环密度的变化

Figure 5. Change of drilling fluid density and ECD for the ϕ215.9 mm in Well A1H

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图 6 A1H井和EP−X井ϕ311.1 mm井眼钻井扭矩变化曲线

Figure 6. Drilling Torque Change Curve for the ϕ311.1 mm in Well A1H and Well EP−X

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表 1 表１几种不同基液的性能指标

Table 1 Performance comparison of different base fluids

基液	运动黏度 (40 ℃)/(mPa·s)	密度(20 ℃)/ (kg·L⁻¹)	闪点 (开口)/℃	芳烃含量，%
BIO−OIL	2.40	0.780	93	0.050
5#白油	3.94	0.819	130	0.170
3#白油	3.38	0.810	124	0.152

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表 2 主副乳化剂、润湿剂的基本性能

Table 2 Basic properties of emulsifiers and wetting agents

名称	密度(常温)/（kg·L⁻¹）	乳化率，%	HLB值
PF−FSEMUL	0.91	95	1～4
PF−FSCOAT	0.95		7～9
PF−FSWET	1.05	90	5～7

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表 3 不同乳化剂和润滑剂配比下的破乳电压测试结果

Table 3 Emulsifier ratio experiment

加量，%			破乳电压/V
主乳化剂	辅乳化剂	润湿剂	破乳电压/V
1.0	1.0	1.5	520
1.0	1.5	1.5	550
1.5	1.0	1.5	458
1.5	1.5	1.5	468
1.5	2.0	1.5	495

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表 4 不同加量PF−MOHFR对基浆滤失量和电稳定性的影响

Table 4 Effects of different dosage of PF−MOHFR on filtration loss and electrical stability

加量，%	表观黏度/ (mPa·s)	塑性黏度/ (mPa·s)	高温高压滤失量/mL	破乳电压/V
0	7.5	7	8.4	465
1.5	9.0	8	6.4	525
2.0	9.5	8	4.4	535
2.5	8.5	7	4.2	636
3.0	9.0	7	4.0	658

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表 5 不同流型调节剂性能对比结果

Table 5 Comparative evaluation of the performance of different flow modifiers

钻井液体系	试验条件	表观黏度/(mPa·s)	塑性黏度/(mPa·s)	动切力/Pa	ϕ6读数	破乳电压/V	沉降因子
基液+ 1.0%PF−HIVIS	老化前	21.5	13	8.5	10	637
基液+ 1.0%PF−HIVIS	老化后	19.0	12	7.0	7	728	0.529
基液+ 1.0%PF−HIRHEO-A	老化前	24.5	14	10.5	14	888
基液+ 1.0%PF−HIRHEO-A	老化后	21.5	13	8.5	11	1163	0.522
基液+ 1.0%PF−FSVIS	老化前	28.5	12	16.5	15	1210
基液+ 1.0%PF−FSVIS	老化后	23.5	13	10.5	13	1420	0.517
注：钻井液密度为1.25 kg/L。

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表 6 合成基钻井液和油基钻井液常规性能对比

Table 6 Comparison of conventional properties of different drilling fluid systems

钻井液类型	试验条件	表观黏度/(mPa·s)	塑性黏度/(mPa·s)	动切力/Pa	ϕ6读数	破乳电压/V	高温高压滤失量/mL
1#	老化前	35.0	21	14.0	21	925
1#	老化后	27.0	17	10.0	12	1127	2.4
2#	老化前	27.5	18	9.5	15	963
2#	老化后	29.0	20	9.0	10	1051	2.8
注：1#为BIODRILL S合成基钻井液，2#为油基钻井液，钻井液密度均为1.25 kg/L。

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表 7 不同温度下BIODRILL S合成基钻井液的流变性能

Table 7 Performance evaluation under different temperature conditions

试验条件	温度/℃	表观黏度/(mPa·s)	塑性黏度/(mPa·s)	动切力/Pa	静切力/Pa		ϕ6读数	破乳电压/V
试验条件	温度/℃	表观黏度/(mPa·s)	塑性黏度/(mPa·s)	动切力/Pa	初切	终切	ϕ6读数	破乳电压/V
老化前	25	41.0	25	16.0	12	17	21	1 355
	45	36.0	22	14.0	12	15	20	1 395
	65	30.5	17	13.5	9	13	17	1 170
老化后	25	35.5	28	7.5	7	12	14	993
	45	32.0	24	8.0	6	11	13	1 104
	65	27.0	17	10.0	6	11	12	1 127
注：钻井液密度为1.25 kg/L。

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表 8 BIODRILL S合成基钻井液与其他钻井液岩屑回收率对比

Table 8 Evaluation of cuttings recovery of synthetic base drilling fluid and other systems

钻井液体系	一次回收率，%	二次回收率，%
清水	36.2	19.4
KCl聚合物钻井液	86.7	82.2
油基钻井液	97.6	95.4
BIODRILL S合成基钻井液	98.6	97.1
注：钻井液密度为1.25 kg/L。

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表 9 BIODRILL S合成基钻井液与其他钻井液的润滑性对比

Table 9 Lubrication performance evaluation of synthetic base drilling fluid and other systems

钻井液体系	极压润滑系数	泥饼黏附系数
KCl聚合物钻井液	0.13～0.17	0.149
油基钻井液	0.06～0.08	0.058
BIODRILL S合成基钻井液	0.03～0.06	0.052
注：钻井液密度为1.25 kg/L。

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表 10 BIODRILL S合成基钻井液抗污染性能评价结果

Table 10 Pollution resistance of synthetic base drilling fluid system

污染物	加量，%	表观黏度/ mPa·s	塑性黏度/ mPa·s	动切力/ Pa	ϕ6 读数	破乳电压/V
		27	17	10	12	1 127
海水	5	28	18	10	12	1 146
	10	34	20	14	14	994
	15	38	22	16	16	887
钻屑	5	29	18	11	12	1 015
	10	33	19	13	14	1 165
	15	35	20	15	15	1 080
注：钻井液密度为1.25 kg/L。

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表 11 BIODRILL S合成基钻井液封堵性能评价结果

Table 11 Sealing performance of synthetic base drilling fluid system

钻井液体系	瞬时滤失量/mL	PPT滤失量/mL
基液	0.8	4.8
基液+2.0%PF−MOSHIELD	0.2	0.8
注：基液为未加入复合封堵剂的BIODRILL S合成基钻井液，密度为1.25 kg/L。

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表 12 A1H井ϕ311.1 mm井眼现场钻井液性能

Table 12 Performance of drilling fluid in Well A1H ϕ311.1 mm

井深/ｍ	密度/ （kg·L⁻¹）	漏斗黏度/s	ϕ6/ϕ3读数	表观黏度/ （mPa·s）	塑性黏度/ （mPa·s）	动切力/Pa	静切力/Pa		破乳电压/V	油水比	高温高压滤失量/mL
井深/ｍ	密度/ （kg·L⁻¹）	漏斗黏度/s	ϕ6/ϕ3读数	表观黏度/ （mPa·s）	塑性黏度/ （mPa·s）	动切力/Pa	初切	终切	破乳电压/V	油水比	高温高压滤失量/mL
3193	1.15	62	9/8	38.0	30.0	8.0	6.0	9.0	575	75/25	2.8
3960	1.16	60	10/8	38.5	31.0	7.5	7.5	9.0	600	75/25	2.4
4507	1.20	63	11/9	42.0	35.0	7.0	9.0	12.0	721	77/23	2.4
5730	1.24	58	13/12	38.5	29.0	9.5	10.0	14.0	1 050	79/21	2.4
6950	1.25	60	13/12	38.0	29.0	9.0	10.0	14.0	1 000	81/19	2.8
7659	1.25	64	14/13	45.0	34.0	11.0	9.0	12.0	1 038	81/19	2.6
8131	1.25	65	14/13	44.5	34.0	10.5	9.0	14.0	1 030	82/18	2.6

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表 13 A1H井ϕ215.9 mm井眼现场钻井液性能

Table 13 Performance of drilling fluid in Well A1H ϕ215.9 mm

井深/ｍ	密度/ （kg·L⁻¹）	漏斗黏度/s	ϕ6/ϕ3读数	表观黏度/ （mPa·s）	塑性黏度/ （mPa·s）	动切力/ Pa	静切力/Pa		破乳电压/ V	油水比	高温高压滤失量/mL
井深/ｍ	密度/ （kg·L⁻¹）	漏斗黏度/s	ϕ6/ϕ3读数	表观黏度/ （mPa·s）	塑性黏度/ （mPa·s）	动切力/ Pa	初切	终切	破乳电压/ V	油水比	高温高压滤失量/mL
8189	1.10	57	9/8	23.0	16.0	7.0	5	9	415	80/20	3.0
8485	1.10	53	10/9	24.5	17.0	7.5	6	10	410	80/20	3.0
8723	1.10	54	9/8	25.5	18.0	7.5	5	9	415	80/20	2.8
9011	1.10	55	9/8	27.0	20.0	7.0	6	10	420	80/20	2.8
9229	1.10	56	9/8	27.5	20.0	7.5	5	9	450	80/20	2.8
9508	1.10	57	9/8	30.0	21.0	9.0	6	10	450	80/20	2.8

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