Drilling Fluid Technology for Ultra-Deep Displacement Wells in Enping 21-4 Oilfield in the eastern South China Sea
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摘要:
南海东部恩平21−4油田是典型的边际油田，在该油田超深大位移井钻井中存在井眼难以清洁、疏松砂岩承压能力低、钻遇多条断层、摩阻扭矩大、下套管易遇阻等风险挑战。为解决该油田的钻井问题，选择BIODRILL S合成基钻井液，并优选了合成基液、降滤失剂、流型调节剂、润滑剂，优化了乳化剂加量，调整了BIODRILL S合成基钻井液配方。室内性能评价结果表明，该配方能够保持良好、稳定的流变性能，具有较高的低剪切速率，抑制性强，封堵性、抗污染性、润滑性能优异，高温高压滤失量2.4 mL，极压润滑系数0.03～0.06，满足恩平21−4油田超深大位移井钻井要求。按该配方配制的BIODRILL S合成基钻井液及研究的关键配套技术在南海东部超深大位移井A1H井、EP−X井进行了现场应用，应用表明：体系性能稳定，具有较好的携岩能力，润滑性能优异，ϕ311.1 mm井眼钻进期间摩阻系数为0.17～0.21，下ϕ244.5 mm套管时裸眼摩阻系数为0.40～0.45，钻井过程顺利。该钻井液技术不但有效解决了南海东部超深大位移井的钻井难题，还为该海域万米级大位移井的钻井提供了技术手段。
Abstract:Enping 21-4 oilfield in the eastern part of the South China Sea is a typical marginal oilfield. The reservoir is shallow in depth, with large unconsolidated sandstone formations and wide distribution of sandstone particle size. During drilling, there are risks and challenges such as clean hole, low pressure bearing capacity of unconsolidated sandstone and easy leakage, drilling multiple faults, large friction and torque, and casing resistance. According to the formation characteristics and technical challenges of this oilfield, the BIODRILL S synthetic base drilling fluid system was optimized. The system has good rheology, high low shear rate, excellent inhibition, sealing property, anti-pollution and excellent lubricity. The high temperature and high pressure filtration loss is 2.4 mL, and the extreme pressure lubrication coefficient is 0.03～0.06. Well A1H in Enping 21-4 Oilfield is the first self-designed and implemented ultra-deep extended reach well in China. BIODRILL S system was applied for the first time in ultra-deep extended reach well in eastern South China Sea. The results show that: The system has stable performance and the reading of low shear rate ϕ6 stays above 12, so it has good rock carrying capability. Excellent lubrication performance, the friction coefficient of ϕ311.1 mm hole drilling is 0.17～0.21, the friction coefficient of ϕ244.5 mm casing open hole is 0.40～0.45, the drilling process is smooth. The successful application of this system has a guiding significance for the popularization and application of drilling fluid technology in shallow ultra-deep extended reach wells.
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图 2 不同润滑剂下的扭矩降低率对比
Figure 2. Comparative evaluation of torque reduction rate of different lubricants
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图 3 不同润滑剂下的磨斑直径降低率对比
Figure 3. Comparative evaluation of wear spot diameter reduction rates with different lubricants
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图 4 A1H井ϕ311.1 mm井眼钻井液密度与当量循环密度的变化
Figure 4. Change of drilling fluid density and ECD for the ϕ311.1 mm in Well A1H
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图 5 A1H井ϕ215.9 mm井眼钻井液密度与当量循环密度的变化
Figure 5. Change of drilling fluid density and ECD for the ϕ215.9 mm in Well A1H
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图 6 A1H井和EP−X井ϕ311.1 mm井眼钻井扭矩变化曲线
Figure 6. Drilling Torque Change Curve for the ϕ311.1 mm in Well A1H and Well EP−X
表 1 表１ 几种不同基液的性能指标
Table 1 Performance comparison of different base fluids
基液 运动黏度
(40 ℃)/(mPa·s)密度(20 ℃)/
(kg·L−1)闪点
(开口)/℃芳烃含量，% BIO−OIL 2.40 0.780 93 0.050 5#白油 3.94 0.819 130 0.170 3#白油 3.38 0.810 124 0.152 
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表 2 主副乳化剂、润湿剂的基本性能
Table 2 Basic properties of emulsifiers and wetting agents
名称 密度(常温)/（kg·L−1） 乳化率，% HLB值 PF−FSEMUL 0.91 95 1～4 PF−FSCOAT 0.95 7～9 PF−FSWET 1.05 90 5～7
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表 3 不同乳化剂和润滑剂配比下的破乳电压测试结果
Table 3 Emulsifier ratio experiment
加量，% 破乳电压/V 主乳化剂 辅乳化剂 润湿剂 1.0 1.0 1.5 520 1.0 1.5 1.5 550 1.5 1.0 1.5 458 1.5 1.5 1.5 468 1.5 2.0 1.5 495
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表 4 不同加量PF−MOHFR对基浆滤失量和电稳定性的影响
Table 4 Effects of different dosage of PF−MOHFR on filtration loss and electrical stability
加量，% 表观黏度/
(mPa·s)塑性黏度/
(mPa·s)高温高压
滤失量/mL破乳电压/V 0 7.5 7 8.4 465 1.5 9.0 8 6.4 525 2.0 9.5 8 4.4 535 2.5 8.5 7 4.2 636 3.0 9.0 7 4.0 658
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表 5 不同流型调节剂性能对比结果
Table 5 Comparative evaluation of the performance of different flow modifiers
钻井液体系 试验条件 表观黏度/(mPa·s) 塑性黏度/(mPa·s) 动切力/Pa ϕ6读数 破乳电压/V 沉降因子 基液+
1.0%PF−HIVIS老化前 21.5 13 8.5 10 637 老化后 19.0 12 7.0 7 728 0.529 基液+
1.0%PF−HIRHEO-A老化前 24.5 14 10.5 14 888 老化后 21.5 13 8.5 11 1163 0.522 基液+
1.0%PF−FSVIS老化前 28.5 12 16.5 15 1210 老化后 23.5 13 10.5 13 1420 0.517 注：钻井液密度为1.25 kg/L。
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表 6 合成基钻井液和油基钻井液常规性能对比
Table 6 Comparison of conventional properties of different drilling fluid systems
钻井液类型 试验条件 表观黏度/(mPa·s) 塑性黏度/(mPa·s) 动切力/Pa ϕ6读数 破乳电压/V 高温高压滤失量/mL 1# 老化前 35.0 21 14.0 21 925 老化后 27.0 17 10.0 12 1127 2.4 2# 老化前 27.5 18 9.5 15 963 老化后 29.0 20 9.0 10 1051 2.8 注：1#为BIODRILL S合成基钻井液，2#为油基钻井液，钻井液密度均为1.25 kg/L。
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表 7 不同温度下BIODRILL S合成基钻井液的流变性能
Table 7 Performance evaluation under different temperature conditions
试验条件 温度/℃ 表观黏度/(mPa·s) 塑性黏度/(mPa·s) 动切力/Pa 静切力/Pa ϕ6读数 破乳电压/V 初切 终切 老化前 25 41.0 25 16.0 12 17 21 1 355 45 36.0 22 14.0 12 15 20 1 395 65 30.5 17 13.5 9 13 17 1 170 老化后 25 35.5 28 7.5 7 12 14 993 45 32.0 24 8.0 6 11 13 1 104 65 27.0 17 10.0 6 11 12 1 127 注：钻井液密度为1.25 kg/L。
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表 8 BIODRILL S合成基钻井液与其他钻井液岩屑回收率对比
Table 8 Evaluation of cuttings recovery of synthetic base drilling fluid and other systems
钻井液体系 一次回收率，% 二次回收率，% 清水 36.2 19.4 KCl聚合物钻井液 86.7 82.2 油基钻井液 97.6 95.4 BIODRILL S合成基钻井液 98.6 97.1 注：钻井液密度为1.25 kg/L。
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表 9 BIODRILL S合成基钻井液与其他钻井液的润滑性对比
Table 9 Lubrication performance evaluation of synthetic base drilling fluid and other systems
钻井液体系 极压润滑系数 泥饼黏附系数 KCl聚合物钻井液 0.13～0.17 0.149 油基钻井液 0.06～0.08 0.058 BIODRILL S合成基钻井液 0.03～0.06 0.052 注：钻井液密度为1.25 kg/L。
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表 10 BIODRILL S合成基钻井液抗污染性能评价结果
Table 10 Pollution resistance of synthetic base drilling fluid system
污染物 加量，% 表观黏度/
mPa·s塑性黏度/
mPa·s动切力/
Paϕ6
读数破乳
电压/V27 17 10 12 1 127 海水 5 28 18 10 12 1 146 10 34 20 14 14 994 15 38 22 16 16 887 钻屑 5 29 18 11 12 1 015 10 33 19 13 14 1 165 15 35 20 15 15 1 080 注：钻井液密度为1.25 kg/L。
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表 11 BIODRILL S合成基钻井液封堵性能评价结果
Table 11 Sealing performance of synthetic base drilling fluid system
钻井液体系 瞬时滤失量/mL PPT滤失量/mL 基液 0.8 4.8 基液+2.0%PF−MOSHIELD 0.2 0.8 注：基液为未加入复合封堵剂的BIODRILL S合成基钻井液，密度为1.25 kg/L。
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表 12 A1H井ϕ311.1 mm井眼现场钻井液性能
Table 12 Performance of drilling fluid in Well A1H ϕ311.1 mm
井深/ｍ 密度/
（kg·L−1）漏斗黏度/s ϕ6/ϕ3读数 表观黏度/
（mPa·s）塑性黏度/
（mPa·s）动切力/Pa 静切力/Pa 破乳电压/V 油水比 高温高压
滤失量/mL初切 终切 3193 1.15 62 9/8 38.0 30.0 8.0 6.0 9.0 575 75/25 2.8 3960 1.16 60 10/8 38.5 31.0 7.5 7.5 9.0 600 75/25 2.4 4507 1.20 63 11/9 42.0 35.0 7.0 9.0 12.0 721 77/23 2.4 5730 1.24 58 13/12 38.5 29.0 9.5 10.0 14.0 1 050 79/21 2.4 6950 1.25 60 13/12 38.0 29.0 9.0 10.0 14.0 1 000 81/19 2.8 7659 1.25 64 14/13 45.0 34.0 11.0 9.0 12.0 1 038 81/19 2.6 8131 1.25 65 14/13 44.5 34.0 10.5 9.0 14.0 1 030 82/18 2.6
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表 13 A1H井ϕ215.9 mm井眼现场钻井液性能
Table 13 Performance of drilling fluid in Well A1H ϕ215.9 mm
井深/ｍ 密度/
（kg·L−1）漏斗黏度/s ϕ6/ϕ3读数 表观黏度/
（mPa·s）塑性黏度/
（mPa·s）动切力/
Pa静切力/Pa 破乳电压/
V油水比 高温高压滤失量/mL 初切 终切 8189 1.10 57 9/8 23.0 16.0 7.0 5 9 415 80/20 3.0 8485 1.10 53 10/9 24.5 17.0 7.5 6 10 410 80/20 3.0 8723 1.10 54 9/8 25.5 18.0 7.5 5 9 415 80/20 2.8 9011 1.10 55 9/8 27.0 20.0 7.0 6 10 420 80/20 2.8 9229 1.10 56 9/8 27.5 20.0 7.5 5 9 450 80/20 2.8 9508 1.10 57 9/8 30.0 21.0 9.0 6 10 450 80/20 2.8
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