Key Drilling Technologies for Ultra-Deep Extended Reach Horizontal Well in Enping 21−4 Oilfield, Eastern South China Sea
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摘要:
恩平21−4油田位于南海东部海域，储量规模小，为满足其经济高效开发的需求，部署了2口超深大位移井。针对超深大位移井钻完井过程中存在的井漏风险高、井眼轨迹控制困难、井眼清洁难度大、安全作业密度窗口窄和摩阻扭矩高等技术难点，开展了井眼轨道优化设计及井眼轨迹精准控制、钻井液和水泥浆体系优化设计、套管安全下入、动态监测辅助诊断技术和完井管柱抗磨减阻技术等技术攻关研究，形成了超深大位移井钻完井关键技术，确保了2口超深大位移井顺利完钻和投产。其中恩平21−4−A1H井完钻井深9 508.00 m，水平位移8 689.00 m，水垂比4.43，创我国海上油气田井深最深纪录。恩平21−4油田超深大位移井钻完井关键技术不但丰富完善了我国大位移井技术体系，也为万米级边际油田高效开发提供了有力的技术支撑。
Abstract:The Enping 21−4 Oilfield, located in the eastern part of the South China Sea, has limited reserves. In order to meet the needs of economic and efficient development, two ultra-deep extended reach wells have been deployed.To address the challenges such as high risk of lost circulation, difficult trajectory control, poor wellbore cleaning efficiency, narrow safety density window, and high friction and torque in the ultra-deep extended reach wells during drilling and completion, a series of technologies were developed and applied. These technologies include wellbore trajectory design and precise control, drilling fluid and cement slurry system optimization, safe casing running, dynamic monitoring auxiliary diagnosis technology, and anti-wear friction-reducing completion strings solution. These innovations establish the key drilling and completion technologies for ultra-deep extended reach wells, ensuring the smooth drilling and production of these two wells. Notably, Well Enping 21−4−A1H achieved a total depth of 9 508.0 m with a horizontal displacement of 8 689.0 m, and the ratio of horizontal displacement to vertical depth is 4.43, which sets a new record for the deepest offshore oil and gas well in China. The key technologies for drilling and completion of ultra-deep extended reach wells applied in Enping 21−4 Oilfield not only enrich and improve the technical system of China’s extended reach wells but also provide robust technical support for the efficient development of 10 000-meter-class marginal oilfields.
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图 1 圆弧形剖面和拟悬链线剖面造斜段侧向力分布对比
Figure 1. Comparison of lateral force distribution in kick-off section between circular arc profile and quasi-catenary profile
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图 2 恩平21−4油田超深大位移井设计井身结构
Figure 2. Casing program design of ultra-deep extended reach well in the Epping 21-4 Oilfield
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图 3 ϕ311.1 mm井段合成基钻井液的切力变化曲线
Figure 3. Shear force variation curve of synthetic based drilling fluid in a ϕ311.1 mm well section
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图 4 ϕ339.7 mm套管下入时大钩悬重模拟计算结果
Figure 4. Simulation results of hook load when running ϕ339.7 mm casing
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图 5 ϕ244.5 mm套管下入时大钩悬重模拟计算结果
Figure 5. Simulation results of hook load when running ϕ244.5 mm casing
表 1 合成基钻井液与常规油基钻井液模拟ECD和摩阻系数对比
Table 1 Comparison of simulated ECD and friction coefficient between synthetic-based drilling fluid and conventional oil-based drilling fluid
井眼/mm ECD/（kg·L−1） 摩阻系数 合成基
钻井液常规油基
钻井液合成基
钻井液常规油基
钻井液311.1 1.45 1.52 0.17～0.20 0.20～0.25 215.9 1.48 1.58 0.15～0.18 0.18～0.22 
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表 2 固井水泥浆体系首浆和尾浆性能
Table 2 Properties of head and tail cementing slurry
水泥浆 密度/（kg·L−1） 黏度计读数 API滤失/mL 稠化时间①/h 自由液，% 造浆率② 抗压强度③/kPa 首浆 1.28 6/9/36/50/63 102 14.3 0 299.62 1 584.7 尾浆 1.50 5/8/64/109/155 48 9.5 0 129.41 13 986.7 注：①测试温度为90℃；②单位为L/100kg水泥；③测试条件为温度80 ℃、候凝时间48 h。
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表 3 2口超深大位移井创造钻完井纪录情况
Table 3 Drilling and completion records of 2 ultra-deep extended reach wells
序号 纪录范围 纪录名称 现纪录 1 全国 海上井深最深（生产井） 9 508 m 2 全国 水平位移最大 8 689 m 3 全国 ϕ311.1 mm井段最长 8 131 m 4 全国 ϕ244.5 mm套管下深最深 8 125 m 5 中国海油 井深最深（生产井） 9 508 m 6 中国海油 水平位移最大的井 8 689 m 7 中国海油 ϕ311.1 mm井段最长 8 131 m 8 中国海油 ϕ244.5 mm套管下深最深井 8 125 m 9 中国海油 裸眼段最长 5 124 m 10 中国海油 9 501～10 000 m井深水平井
最短钻井周期107.83 d 11 中国海油 9 501～10 000 m井深防砂水平井
最短作业周期（仅下筛管）7.54 d 12 中国海油 8 501～9 000 m井深水平井
最短钻井周期81.05 d 13 中国海油 8 501～9 000 m井深防砂水平井
最短作业周期（仅下筛管）7.50 d
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