Abstract: To ensure national energy security and promote high-quality development of oil and gas exploration and development, it is crucial to strengthen technological innovation. Building new quality productive forces in the petroleum engineering industry and promoting deep transformation relying on innovation are important ways to increase production, reduce costs, and increase efficiency in oil and gas industry. Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the high-quality development of China's petroleum engineering industry, this study uses the theory of new quality productive forces to identify the needs and directions for building new quality productive forces in the petroleum engineering industry. This study analyzes the technological paths of transformation and upgrading of traditional fields driven by innovation, the development of new fields led by innovation, strengthening the integration of empowering technology innovation, and accelerating the transformation of achievements. And four aspects of suggestions about petroleum engineering industry are proposed, that are accelerating the integration of innovation chain, industry chain, capital chain, and talent chain, creating a high-level petroleum engineering innovation consortium, deepening the reform of the scientific and technological system, and building a high-level innovation team.