Key Technologies for Safe Drilling in Horizontal Section of Deep Coal Rock Gas Horizontal Well in Ordos Basin
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摘要:
鄂尔多斯盆地东部气田深层煤岩气水平井目的层本溪组8#煤层埋藏深，非均质性强，钻井过程中存在机械钻速低、井壁易失稳垮塌、井下故障复杂频发、水平段延伸难度大和完井套管下入困难等技术难点。为此，在分析本溪组8#煤岩地层特征和钻井技术难点的基础上，进行了倒划眼高效PDC钻头研制、提速工具优选和无稳定器防卡导向钻具组合优化，研究了水平段精细导向井眼轨迹控制技术、旋转下套管技术及微纳米强抑制高效水基钻井液技术，形成了鄂尔多斯盆地深层煤岩气水平井水平段安全钻井关键技术。该技术在鄂尔多斯盆地东部气田绥德−米脂区块10口深层煤岩气水平井进行了应用，应用井在水平段钻进过程中未发生井壁失稳等井下故障，顺利钻至设计完钻井深，套管顺利下至设计位置，平均机械钻速9.00 m/h，较未应用该技术邻井NL1H井提高了48.51%。现场应用表明，鄂尔多斯盆地深层煤岩气水平井水平段安全钻井关键技术可以克服该盆地东部气田深层煤岩气水平井水平段钻进过程中的技术难点，提高水平段机械钻速及煤岩储层的钻遇率，为该盆地深层媒岩气的开发提供技术支撑。
Abstract:In the target layer of the deep coal rock gas horizontal well in the eastern gas field of Ordos Basin, the 8# coal seam of the Benxi Formation is deeply buried and has strong heterogeneity. During the drilling process, there are technical difficulties such as low rate of penetration (ROP), easy instability and collapse of the wellbore, complex and frequent downhole faults, difficult extension of the horizontal section, and challenging completion casing running. Therefore, on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of the 8# coal seam of the Benxi Formation and technical difficulties during drilling, the optimization of high-efficiency PDC bit and speed-up tool for reverse reaming, optimization of steering drilling tool assembly without stabilizer for sticking prevention, fine steering trajectory control technology for horizontal sections, rotary casing running technology, and micro-nano strong inhibition of high-efficiency water-based drilling fluid system technology were conducted, and key technologies for safe drilling in horizontal sections of deep coal rock gas horizontal wells in Ordos Basin were developed. The technologies were applied to 10 deep coal rock gas horizontal wells in the Suide–Mizhi Block of the eastern gas field of Ordos Basin. No downhole faults such as wellbore instability occurred in the drilling process of horizontal sections, and the wells were successfully drilled to the designed completion depth. The casing was smoothly run to the designed position, with an average ROP of 9.00 m/h, indicating a 48.51% increase compared with the adjacent Well NL1H without the technologies applied. Field applications show that the key technologies for safe drilling in horizontal sections of deep coal rock gas horizontal wells in Ordos Basin can overcome the technical difficulties in the drilling process of horizontal sections of deep coal rock gas horizontal wells in the eastern gas fields of the basin, improve the mechanical drilling rate of the horizontal sections and the drilling rate of the coal rock reservoir, and provide technical support for the development of deep coal rock gas in the basin.
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表 1 煤岩层气储层岩性分析结果
Table 1 Lithology analysis results of coal rock gas reservoirs
岩性 密度/（g·cm−3） 平均内摩擦角/（°） 平均抗压强度/MPa 特性 灰岩 2.40～2.75 43.2 165.0 质地硬脆 煤岩 1.35～1.45 26.0 9.8 质轻，质地软 煤矸 2.55～2.65 42.0 178.0 密度大，质地硬，强度高，易坍塌掉块 碳质泥岩 1.90～2.00 36.0 170.0 密度大、质地硬，易坍塌掉块 
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表 2 2023年盆地东部气田深层煤岩气完成井与邻井指标对比
Table 2 Comparison of indexes between deep coal rock gas completion well and adjacent well in eastern gas field of basin in 2023
年份 完井口数 平均井深/m 钻井周期/d 平均水平段
段长/m水平段平均钻井
周期/d水平段平均机械
钻速/m·h−1储层段平均
段长/m储层钻遇率，% 2023 10 4231 77.29 1344 11.67 9.00 1192 88.68 2022 1 4262 79.23 1500 17.17 6.06 776 51.73
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