Synthesis and Viscosity Reduction Mechanism of Polyether Viscosity Reducer for Heavy Oil
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摘要:
为解决传统降黏剂在辅助稠油举升过程中因搅拌速度低无法与采出液充分混合，导致现场应用效果不佳的问题，以苯乙烯、马来酸酐、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚为主要原料，合成了一种聚醚类稠油降黏剂MSN，通过室内试验测试了其降黏性能，并分析了降黏机理。试验结果表明，在搅拌速度50 r/min、搅拌1 min条件下，MSN对稠油的降黏率达到95.6%，24 h后降黏率仍保持在87.2%，表现出低搅拌速度下降黏能力和降黏稳定性较强的特点；观察MSN加入稠油前后胶质和沥青质形貌的扫描电镜结果发现，胶质和沥青质的聚集结构发生了明显的分散。分析认为，MSN通过分散作用，减弱了稠油中胶质和沥青质分子间的相互作用，使其不能形成结构稳定的胶体，从而实现稠油降黏的目的。研制的降黏剂MSN为稠油油藏高效开发提供了技术支撑。
Abstract:The traditional viscosity reducer has low stirring strength in the process of auxiliary heavy oil lifting, and it fails to be fully mixed with the produced liquid, leading to a poor on-site application effect. To solve this problem, a polyether viscosity reducer for heavy oil (MSN) was synthesized with styrene, maleic anhydride, and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether as main raw materials, and its viscosity reduction performance was investigated by laboratory tests. The viscosity reduction mechanism was discussed. The results show that MSN can achieve a viscosity reduction rate of 95.6% under the condition of stirring at 50 r/min for 1 min and can still maintain a viscosity reduction rate of 87.2% after 24 h. It also shows strong viscosity reduction ability and viscosity reduction stability under low stirring intensity. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to observe the morphology of colloid and asphaltene before and after the addition of MSN and results show that the addition of MSN significantly disperses the original agglomerated structure of colloid and asphaltene. The analysis finds that MSN reduces the interaction between colloid and asphaltene molecules in heavy oil through dispersion and prevents them from forming a colloidal stable structure, so as to achieve the purpose of viscosity reduction in heavy oil. The successful development of viscosity reducer MSN provides technical support for the efficient development of heavy oil.
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图 2 降黏剂MSN对稠油黏温特性的影响
Figure 2. Effect of MSN on viscosity temperature characteristics of heavy oil
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图 3 降黏剂MSN加入前后胶质形貌的变化
Figure 3. Changes in morphology of colloid before and after MSN addition
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图 4 降黏剂MSN加入前后沥青质形貌变化情况
Figure 4. Changes in morphology of asphaltene before and after MSN addition
表 1 不同搅拌速度下4种降黏剂的降黏率试验结果
Table 1 Test results of viscosity reduction rate of four kinds of viscosity reducers under different stirring intensities
降黏剂 质量分数，% 降黏率，% 50① 100① 150① TW 0.8 77.85 87.66 91.14 SWJ 0.8 76.45 87.25 92.16 XJF 0.8 78.65 89.15 94.18 MSN 0.8 95.60 97.32 98.38 注：①为搅拌速度，r/min。 
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表 2 稠油加入4种降黏剂后不同时间下的黏度
Table 2 Viscosity of heavy oil at different time after adding four kinds of viscosity reducers
降黏剂 不同时间下稠油的表观黏度/（mPa·s） 1 h① 2 h① 3 h① 6 h① 9 h① 12 h① 15 h① 20 h① 24 h① TW 149 175 553 948 1 570 2 240 3 300 4 500 4 700 SWJ 689 880 960 1 500 1 689 2 350 3 702 4 990 5 220 XJF 567 580 720 879 1 161 1 209 1 930 2 009 2 100 MSN 102 80 85 93 104 136 176 395 799 注：①为加入降黏剂后的时间。
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