Abstract: Under the impetus of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the oil and gas drilling industry is rapidly advancing towards informatization, digitization, and intelligentization, with drilling digital twin technology emerging as a frontier and hotspot in the field. The aim of drilling digital twin technology is to map real drilling operations into virtual space, establishing integrated, multidisciplinary, multiphysical, and multiscale virtual simulation models throughout the entire lifecycle of drilling. This facilitates functionalities such as pre-drilling rehearsal, in-drilling optimization, post-drilling analysis, ensuring safe, efficient, and cost-effective drilling, and enhancing the efficiency of complex oil and gas reservoir development. This paper introduces the application status of digital twin technology in drilling engineering, categorizing drilling digital twins into rig digital twins and wellbore digital twins, and proposes a five-dimensional system architecture for drilling digital twins. Additionally, it analyzes the future development trends of drilling digital twins, including real-time and efficient transmission of drilling data, refinement and quantification of geological models, multidomain integrated modeling and simulation, dynamic adaptive updating of simulation models, integration of mechanism and data for modeling, safe and efficient human-machine interaction, and cloud-edge collaborative software system architecture. Relevant suggestions for the development of drilling digital twin technology in China are also proposed. The research findings can serve as a reference for the establishment of a comprehensive drilling digital twin technology system and provide guidance for promoting intelligent innovation in the drilling industry.