Abstract: Under the background of intelligent drilling, the traditional drilling mode in which the drilling parameters are controlled by the driller fails to meet the needs of adaptive control of drilling parameters. Because the digital twin technology has the characteristics of real-time synchronization, faithful mapping, and high fidelity, a digital twin-based adaptive control system for drilling parameters was constructed, which combined with intelligent drilling equipment and intelligent terminal, so as to realize autonomous bit feed and autonomous orientation of the drilling rig. Therefore, the technical architecture of adaptive control of drilling parameters and its process flow was introduced, and the architecture of a digital twin-based adaptive control system for drilling parameters was designed, including five components: physical drilling platform, virtual drilling platform, drilling twin data, service application layer, and communication connection layer. The operational mechanism of the digital twin-based adaptive control system for drilling parameters was discussed from three aspects: the construction, evolution, and updates of the digital twin system. Furthermore, the key theoretical and technical requirements were analyzed. The research shows that the digital twin-based adaptive control system for drilling parameters integrates adaptive control technology for drilling parameters with intelligent drilling rigs and equipment, promoting the application of digital twin technology in drilling engineering and significantly contributing to the realization of intelligent drilling.