Gel Breaking Mechanism of Guar Gum Fracturing Fluid by Biological Enzyme and Ammonium Persulfate
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摘要:
为有效降低胍胶压裂液破胶后产生的残渣对地层造成的伤害，通过分析不同破胶方式下胍胶压裂液破胶液分子的物理化学性质，探究了生物酶及过硫酸铵/生物酶复合破胶剂对胍胶压裂液的破胶作用机理。研究发现，与过硫酸铵破胶剂相比，生物酶及过硫酸铵/生物酶复合破胶剂能更有效地降低破胶液的相对分子质量和分子尺寸；胍胶压裂液破胶液中的主要降解产物是二糖—五糖。胍胶压裂液破胶液残渣分析表明，残渣分子中甘露糖与半乳糖的含量比只有0.38，导致其水溶性差，这也是其存在残渣的主要原因。同时，模拟试验结果表明，注酸可以有效降解胍胶压裂液破胶液残渣含量，提高支撑剂导流能力。研究结果为破胶剂优选和降低胍胶压裂液破胶液残渣造成的伤害提供了理论依据。
Abstract:To effectively alleviate the damage of residues produced by broken guar gum fracturing fluid to the formation, the gel breaking mechanism of biological enzyme and ammonium persulfate/biological enzyme composite gel breakers on the guar gum fracturing fluid was investigated by analyzing the molecular physical and chemical properties of the gel breaking solution of guar gum fracturing fluid under different gel breaking methods. The results show that compared with ammonium persulfate gel breakers, biological enzyme and ammonium persulfate/biological enzyme composite gel breakers can effectively reduce the relative molecular weight and molecular size of gel breaking solution. The degradation products in the gel breaking solution are mainly disaccharide to pentasaccharide. The analysis of gel breaking solution residues shows that the content ratio of mannose to galactose in residue molecules is only 0.38, which is the main reason for its poor water solubility and the existence of residues in the gel breaking solution. In addition, through the simulation test, it is found that acid injection can effectively degrade the gel breaking solution residues of guar gum fracturing fluid and improve the proppant conductivity. The results can provide a theoretical basis for selecting gel breakers and reducing damage caused by gel breaking solution residues.
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Keywords:
- guar gum fracturing fluid /
- gel breaker /
- residue /
- proppant /
- conductivity
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图 1 残渣降解不同时间后半乳糖和甘露糖的含量
Figure 1. Content of galactose and mannose under different degradation time
表 1 不同破胶剂对破胶液黏度的影响
Table 1 Effect of different gel breakers on viscosity of gel breaking solutions
破胶剂及加量 破胶液黏度/（mPa·s） 过硫酸铵加量，% 生物酶加量/(mg·L−1) 1 h 2 h 3 h 4 h 0.050 61.32 31.67 1.97 1.29 10 40.43 22.74 1.82 1.16 0.025 5 42.57 24.81 1.99 1.21 0.050 10 20.64 3.53 1.82 1.12 
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表 2 不同破胶剂及不同破胶时间下破胶液的相对分子质量
Table 2 Relative molecular weight of different gel breakers and gel breaking solutions under different gel breaking time
破胶剂及加量 相对分子质量 相对分子质量
降低率，%4 h 12 h 0.05%过硫酸铵 515 600 398 200 22.77 10 mg/L生物酶 139 700 50 300 64.00 0.025%过硫酸铵+5 mg/L生物酶 329 100 63 000 80.86 0.050%过硫酸铵+10 mg/L生物酶 133 400 29 700 77.74
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表 3 不同破胶剂及不同破胶时间下破胶液的分子尺寸
Table 3 Molecular size of different gel breakers and gel breaking solutions under different gel breaking time
破胶剂及加量 粒径中值/μm 粒径中值
降低率，%4 h 12 h 0.050%过硫酸铵 132 123 6.81 10 mg/L生物酶 57 43 24.56 0.025%过硫酸铵+5 mg/L生物酶 66 46 30.30 0.050%过硫酸铵+10 mg/L生物酶 41 35 14.63
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表 4 不同破胶剂下各低聚糖的含量
Table 4 Content of oligosaccharides under different gel breakers
破胶剂 单糖含量，% 二糖—五糖含量，% 六糖—十糖含量，% 4 h 12 h 4 h 12 h 4 h 12 h 1 0.2 0.8 79.1 80.9 20.7 18.3 2 0.3 1.0 77.3 78.6 22.4 20.4 3 0.5 1.3 83.7 85.1 15.8 13.6 注：破胶剂1为10 mg/L，破胶剂2为0.025%过硫酸铵+5 mg/L生物酶，破胶剂3为0.050%过硫酸铵+10 mg/L生物酶。
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表 5 支撑剂导流能力恢复测试结果
Table 5 Results of proppant conductivity recovery test
破胶剂 导流能力/（mD·m） 导流能力
恢复率，%伤害前 解除伤害后 0.050%过硫酸铵 236 214 90.7 10 mg/L生物酶 259 239 92.3 0.025%过硫酸铵+5 mg/L生物酶 246 232 94.3
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