Online Calibration Method for Rheological Parameters of Drilling Fluid
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摘要:
目前钻井现场主要采用旋转黏度计手动方式测量钻井液的流变性，测量周期长、人为干扰因素大。同时，现有管式黏度计在线测量装置受抽取钻井液隔膜泵的流体脉动、电机振动及压差测量偏置误差等因素影响，测量精度与稳定性较差。针对上述问题，在双管压差管式黏度计的基础上，提出了基于经验模态分解与极大似然估计的钻井液流变参数在线校准方法。首先，利用压差传感器测量数据建立经验模态分解模型，提取隔膜泵脉动、电机振动及测量误差导致的干扰信号，实现对恒流压差信号的准确识别；然后，建立管式黏度计的流变参数解算模型，利用双测量管的剪切应力−剪切速率曲线，建立极大似然估计的钻井液剪切应力参数校准模型；最后，利用搭建的钻井液性能在线监测试验装置进行了试验验证，利用该钻井液流变参数在线校准方法得到的表观黏度、塑性黏度、动切力等参数的精度均显著优于未校准参数的精度，且表观黏度、塑性黏度、动切力测量值的相对误差均小于5%，满足钻井现场测试要求。研究结果表明，该方法有效、精度高，为实现钻井液流变参数快速准确测量提供了新途径。
Abstract:Currently, manual measurement methods such as rotational viscosimeters are mainly used on drilling sites, with long measurement cycles and human interference factors. The existing online measurement devices such as tubular viscometers are affected by factors such as fluid pulsation of the diaphragm pump for extracting drilling fluid, motor vibration, and pressure difference measurement bias error, resulting in poor measurement accuracy and stability. An online calibration method for rheological parameters of drilling fluid based on empirical mode decomposition and maximum likelihood estimation was proposed on the basis of the tubular viscometer of double-tube pressure difference to address the above issues. Firstly, an empirical mode decomposition model was established using measurement data from the pressure difference sensor to extract interference signals caused by diaphragm pump pulsation, motor vibration, and measurement errors, thereby achieving accurate identification of constant current pressure difference signals. Then, a rheological parameter calculation model for the tubular viscometer was established, and the shear stress-shear rate curve of the double tubes was used to establish a calibration model for shear stress parameters of drilling fluid based on the maximum likelihood estimation. Finally, the established online monitoring and testing platform for drilling fluid performance was used for experimental verification. The measurement accuracy of apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, and dynamic shear force obtained by the proposed online calibration method for rheological parameters was significantly better than that of uncalibrated parameters, and the relative errors of measured apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, and dynamic shear force were all less than 5%, meeting the requirements of on-site drilling testing. The results show that the method is effective and has high precision, which provides a new way for rapid and accurate measurement of rheological parameters of drilling fluid.
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图 1 管流式钻井液流变参数在线测量装置示意
Figure 1. Online measurement device for rheological parameters of tubular drilling fluid
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图 2 基于经验模态分解与极大似然估计的钻井液流变参数校准方法流程
Figure 2. Flow chart of rheological parameter calibration of drilling fluid based on empirical mode decomposition and maximum likelihood estimation
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图 3 压差传感器测得测量管两端的原始压差
Figure 3. Original pressure difference of two ends of measuring tube collected by pressure difference sensor
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图 4 长测量管两端压差经验模态分解波形
Figure 4. Waveform of empirical mode decomposition of parameters pressure difference at two ends of long measuring tube
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图 5 经过经验模态分解后的测量管两端的压差
Figure 5. Pressure difference at two ends of measuring tube after empirical mode decomposition
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图 9 10组钻井液的流变参数的对比
Figure 9. Comparison of rheological parameters of 10 groups of drilling fluid
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图 10 10组钻井液流变参数测量误差的对比
Figure 10. Comparison of measurement errors of rheological parameters of 10 groups of drilling fluid
表 1 六速旋转黏度计测量的钻井液流变参数
Table 1 Rheological parameter of drilling fluid measured by six-speed rotational viscosimeter
序号 表观黏度/（mPa∙s） 塑性黏度/（mPa∙s） 动切力/Pa 1 17.9 17.0 0.5 2 25.0 23.0 1.0 3 27.3 27.0 1.3 4 36.3 34.0 1.5 5 42.7 36.5 5.4 6 46.8 41.5 4.3 7 60.8 52.0 7.7 8 70.0 58.0 10.7 9 83.3 68.0 13.8 10 92.5 69.5 21.5 
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表 2 10组钻井液的流变参数测量误差统计结果
Table 2 Measurement errors of rheological parameters of 10 groups of drilling fluid
参数 测量方法 绝对误差最大值 相对误差最大值，% 绝对误差平均值 绝对误差方差 表观黏度 直接测量 25.00 +139.00 10.67 53.63 校准后 −2.93 −4.72 1.35 0.94 塑性黏度 直接测量 41.20 +242.00 14.35 161.88 校准后 1.80 −4.81 0.71 0.35 动切力 直接测量 11.18 −208.00 6.96 11.03 校准后 −0.38 +4.59 0.13 0.01
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