A Numerical Simulation for Damage Mechanical Behavior of Brazilian Splitting Test of Deep Shales
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摘要:
为揭示页岩纹理特征与破坏强度之间的作用机理，利用黏聚力单元法建立了巴西劈裂三维数值模型，研究了纹理角度和纹理强度对页岩破坏模式和抗拉强度的影响，并利用声发射分布特征精确分析了裂纹演化过程。研究结果表明：巴西劈裂数值模拟结果与试验结果基本一致，利用黏聚力单元法可以准则预测页岩破坏行为；纹理角度和纹理强度耦合作用下页岩试样破坏模式分为6种；中心破坏的页岩试样，声发射能量–位移曲线以单峰值分布型为主，拉伸剪切复合破坏的页岩试样，声发射能量–位移曲线以多峰值分布型为主；页岩试样抗拉强度各向异性显著，相同纹理角度下，纹理强度越高，主裂纹越接近加载直径方向，试样抗拉强度越大。研究结果进一步揭示了深层页岩破坏机制，为页岩储层压裂设计提供了理论依据。
Abstract:In order to investigate the mechanism between shale texture characteristics and tensile strength, a three-dimensional Brazilian splitting test numerical model was established by the cohesive element method. The effects of texture angle and strength on damage modes and tensile strength were studied, and the crack growth behavior was accurately analyzed using acoustic emission distribution characteristics. The results indicate that the numerical simulation outcomes of the Brazilian splitting test were basically in accordance with the experimental results. The cohesive element method can be used to predict the shale’s damage behavior. The damage modes of shale specimens are classified into six categories under the coupling of texture angle and strength. For shale specimens with central damage, the acoustic emission (AE) energy-displacement curves are dominated by a single-peak distribution type. For shale specimens with tension-shear mixed damage, the AE energy-displacement curves are dominated by a multiple-peak distribution type. The tensile strength of shale specimens is significantly anisotropic. As the texture strength increases, and the primary crack approaches the loading diameter direction, the tensile strength of the specimens gets higher under the same texture angle. The results of the study also reveal the damage mechanisms in deep shales and provide theoretical basis for the fracturing design for shale reservoirs.
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Keywords:
- deep shale /
- Brazilian splitting /
- numerical simulation /
- damage mode /
- tensile strength
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图 1 巴西劈裂数值模型及加载条件示意
Figure 1. Numerical model and loading conditions for Brazilian splitting test
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图 3 纹理角度0°试样巴西劈裂试验和数值模拟结果对比
Figure 3. Comparison of Brazilian splitting test and numerical simulation results for specimens with 0° texture angle
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图 6 纹理角度0°试样在不同纹理强度下的轴向应力–位移和AE能量–位移曲线
Figure 6. Axial stress-displacement and AE energy-displacement curves for shale specimens with 0° texture angle under different texture strengths
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图 7 不同纹理角度下页岩试样轴向应力–位移和AE能量–位移曲线
Figure 7. Axial stress-displacement and AE energy-displacement curves of shale specimens under different texture angles
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图 8 不同γ下页岩试样抗拉强度和损伤值变化规律
Figure 8. Variation law of tensile strength and damage values of shale specimens under differentγ
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图 9 不同纹理角度下页岩试样抗拉强度和损伤值变化规律
Figure 9. Variation law of tensile strength and damage values of shale specimens under different texture angles
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图 10 圆盘试样裂纹形态分布特征
Figure 10. Crack morphology distribution characteristics of disk specimen
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图 11 不同γ和纹理角度下页岩试样主裂纹偏移距离
Figure 11. Deflection distance of primary crack of shale specimens under different texture angles and γ
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图 12 不同γ下页岩试样主裂纹和次级裂纹长度变化规律
Figure 12. Length variation law of primary crack and secondary crack of shale specimens under different γ
表 1 巴西劈裂数值模型输入参数
Table 1 Numerical model input parameters of Brazilian splitting test
页岩类型 弹性模量/
GPa泊松比 刚度/（N·mm−3） 应力/MPa 断裂能/（mJ·mm−1） 法向 第一切向 第二切向 法向 第一切向 第二切向 法向 切向 基质 28.55 0.23 1 500 1 500 1 500 4.00 8.00 8.00 0.004 0.040 纹理 28.55 0.23 1 000 1 000 1 000 1.40 2.00 2.00 0.002 0.020 
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