Abstract: Measurement & control while drilling technology is a broad term for measurement while drilling, logging while drilling, and control while drilling. It represents high-end technologies in petroleum engineering and forms the core of automated and intelligent drilling. The evolution of measurement & control while drilling technology has provided an important tool for oil & gas exploration and development, significantly enhancing operational efficiency and reducing operational cost and comprehensive oil & gas costs. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the research progress in measurement & control while drilling technology within major international oil service companies such as Schlumberger, Baker Hughes, and Halliburton. It analyzes the demand for measurement & control while drilling technology in oil & gas exploration and development. Furthermore, the development direction of measurement & control while drilling technology was clarified, and suggestions on the development of measurement & control while drilling technology in China were put forward. Finally, the development focus of measurement & control while drilling technology was summarized, so as to promote the rapid development of measurement & control while drilling technology in China and elevate the overall standard of measurement & control while drilling technology.