Cuttings Removal Efficiency for Slim-Hole Horizontal Well Washing
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摘要:
为研究小井眼水平井洗井钻柱旋转时的岩屑清除规律，针对玛湖深层三叠系长水平井小井眼洗井工况，进行了相似试验设计，开展了岩屑启动流速和岩屑清除效率的试验研究。试验发现，采用不同排量冲洗岩屑床时，岩屑床呈现稳定运移、沙丘式波浪运移和整体运移等3种运移形态。试验研究了岩屑床稳定运移形态下岩屑粒径、排量和钻柱转速对岩屑启动流速及钻柱转速对岩屑床高度和形成稳定岩屑床所需时间的影响规律，分析了岩屑床整体运移形态下岩屑粒径、排量和岩屑床初始质量对岩屑床清除效率的影响。研究结果表明，岩屑粒径越小所需启动流速越低，钻柱旋转后等效岩屑启动流速降低45.5%，钻柱转速升高会使形成稳定岩屑床所需时间缩短，岩屑清除效率提高；当岩屑床发生整体运移后，较低排量下岩屑床清除速度受岩屑粒径影响较小，高排量下大粒径岩屑床的运移速度快。排量和钻柱转速是提高洗井过程岩屑床清除效率的关键，而现在洗井时钻柱转速较低，可适当提高钻柱转速，以提高洗井效率。
Abstract:In order to investigate the cuttings removal rule of rotary drill pipes in slim-hole horizontal well washing, a similar test design was carried out according to the washing condition of long slim-hole horizontal wells in the deep Triassic system of Mahu Sag, so as to investigate the cuttings start-up velocity and cuttings bed removal efficiency. The test found that the cuttings bed presented three transport modes: stable transport, dune wave-type transport, and overall transport when washed with different flow rates. The effects of particle size of cuttings, flow rate, and rotational speed on start-up velocity of cuttings in stable transport state of cuttings bed were studied through tests, as well as the effect law of the rotational speed of drill pipe on the height of cuttings bed and the time required to form a stable cuttings bed. The effects of particle size of cuttings, flow rate, and initial mass of cuttings bed on the removal efficiency of cuttings bed in overall transport state were investigated. The results show that the smaller particle size of cuttings indicates a smaller start-up velocity, and the equivalent start-up velocity of cuttings will be reduced by 45.5% after the drill pipe rotates. The increase in rotational speed of the drill pipe will shorten the time required to form a stable cuttings bed and improve the removal efficiency of cuttings. When the cuttings bed is in overall transport state, the removal speed of the cuttings bed is less affected by the particle size of the cuttings at low flow rates, and the transport speed of the cuttings bed with large particle size is faster at high flow rates. The flow rate and rotational speed of the drill pipe are the key to improving the removal efficiency of cuttings during well washing process. However, the rotational speed of the drill pipe is currently low during well washing process and can be appropriately increased to improve the well washing efficiency.
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图 2 玛湖区块水平段岩屑粒径质量分布
Figure 2. Mass distribution of cuttings with varying particle size in horizontal section of Mahu Block
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图 3 水平段洗井岩屑床流动形态
Figure 3. Flow patterns of cuttings bed in horizontal section during well washing
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图 4 钻杆静止时环空截面岩屑的分布
Figure 4. Cuttings distribution in annular section under stationary drill pipe condition
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图 5 钻柱旋转时环空截面岩屑分布
Figure 5. Cuttings distribution in annular section under rotary drill pipe condition
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图 6 水平井洗井岩屑床整体运移示意
Figure 6. Overall transport of cuttings bed during horizontal well washing
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图 7 钻杆静止不同粒径岩屑启动流速随排量的变化规律
Figure 7. Variation law of start-up velocity of cuttings with different particle sizes with flow rate under stationary drill pipe condition
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图 8 钻柱静止岩屑床高度及流道截面积变化规律
Figure 8. Variation law of cuttings bed height and cross-sectional area of flow path under stationary drill pipe condition
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图 9 不同粒径岩屑启动流速和岩屑床高度随钻杆转速的变化规律
Figure 9. Variation law of start-up velocity of cuttings with different particle sizes and cuttings bed height with rotational speed of drill pipe
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图 10 临界流速随岩屑粒径变化的规律
Figure 10. Variation law of critical velocity with particle size of cuttings
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图 12 岩屑床无因次高度和形成稳定岩屑床所需时间随钻柱转速变化的规律
Figure 12. Variation of dimensionless height of cuttings bed and time required to form stable cuttings bed with rotational speed of drill pipe
表 1 玛湖区块4口井水平段钻井参数
Table 1 Drilling parameters for horizontal section of four wells in Mahu Block
井号 井段/m 井眼直径/
mm钻杆直径/
mm井眼系数 钻井液密度/
（kg·L−1)表观黏度/
（mPa·s）泵排量/
（L·s−1）达131-H井 4 307～4 370 227.0 127.0 3.19 1.55 55 26 达136-H井 4 569～4 658 227.0 127.0 3.19 1.72 53 30 MaHW6222井 4 462～4 651 173.0 114.0 2.31 1.62 16 MaHW6449井 4 125～5 172 173.0 101.6 2.91 1.75～1.77 46～48 17 
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表 2 试验排量计算结果
Table 2 Calculation results of experimental flow rate
井名 试验流速/（m·s−1） 试验排量/（L·s−1） 几何相似 动力相似 几何相似 动力相似 达131-H井 0.939 0.722 9.556 7.350 达136-H井 1.084 0.834 11.026 8.481 MaHW6222井 1.195 1.191 12.158 12.119 MaHW6449井 1.098 0.995 11.167 10.124
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表 3 试验参数
Table 3 Experimental parameters
流体
类型岩屑
类型排量/
（L·s−1）钻杆转速/
（r·min−1）初始岩屑床
质量/kg岩屑直径/
mm水 石英砂 0.97～7.80 0 10 0.5～1.0 30 15 1.0～2.0 60 20 2.0～3.0 120 25 3.0～4.0
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