Abstract: Deep and ultra-deep oil and gas resources are important potential areas and key exploration and development areas of oil and gas resources in China and are strategically important to ensure national energy security. The safe and efficient development of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas is faced with many challenges. Four key problems are prominent and need to be solved urgently, including difficult identification of complex downhole conditions, serious casing damage, severe weight-on-bit congestion in long horizontal sections, and hard wellbore trajectory control. Therefore, to solve the key problems faced by deep and ultra-deep oil and gas development, new tools and technologies with significant advantages were proposed by analyzing the limitations of traditional solutions, which provided an effective technical scheme support for the safe and efficient development of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas and pointed out a new direction for the development of deep and ultra-deep drilling and completion technology.