Vertical Subdivision Layer Stimulation Technology for Ultra-Deep and Super-Thick Tight Sandstone in Kuqa Piedmont
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摘要:
塔里木油田库车山前白垩系储层为超深巨厚裂缝性致密砂岩储层，天然裂缝发育，非均质性强，已改造井产气剖面测试显示常规笼统改造纵向厚储层动用不充分，产能释放不彻底。为了解决这一问题，对于油层厚度大且中间有明显隔层的井可实施分层压裂，提高纵向改造程度。通过工程地质一体化研究，利用多种测井数据，建立了一套多尺度近远井裂缝精细识别方法；基于钻井漏失量与产量关系认识，建立了一套综合考虑构造位置、钻井井漏、裂缝发育情况、力学活动性等资料的储层评估分类方法；通过双封隔器管柱力学精细校核，增加伸缩管，优化暂堵材料粒径，形成了“机械+暂堵”软硬分层压裂技术。该技术实现了巨厚储层高效动用，应用20口井，改造后单井产气量由6.7×104 m3/d提高至34.0×104 m3/d，平均增产4倍，提产效果显著，为巨厚致密砂岩储层高效开发提供了技术支撑。
Abstract:The Cretaceous system in Kuqa Piedmont of Tarim Oilfield is a super-deep and super-thick fractured tight sandstone with developed natural fractures and strong heterogeneity. The gas production profile test of stimulated wells shows that the conventional general stimulation of vertical thick reservoirs is not sufficient, and the production capacity is not completely released. In order to solve these problems, layered fracturing technology can be implemented for wells with large reservoir thicknesses and obvious interlayers, which can also enhance the performance of vertical stimulation. A set of fine identification methods for multi-scale fractures of near and far wells was established by using multi-logging data through engineering and geology integration research. Based on the relationship between lost circulation and production, a set of reservoir evaluation classification methods was established, which comprehensively considered the structural location, lost circulation in drilling, fracture development, mechanical activity, and other data. Through fine mechanical checking of double packer pipe string, expansion pipe was added, and the grain size of temporary plugging material was optimized, forming a soft and hard layered fracturing technology featuring “mechanical + temporary plugging”, thus realizing the highly efficient production of the super-thick reservoir. The technology was applied to 20 wells, and the production of a single well was increased from 6.7×104 m3/d to 34.0×104 m3/d after stimulation, with the production remarkably increasing by four times on average. The technology provides strong technical support for the efficient development of super-thick tight sandstone reservoirs.
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图 1 测井成像、远探声波、地震技术解释不同距离裂缝示意
Figure 1. Interpretation of fractures with different distances by logging imaging, remote sonic wave, and seismic techniques
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图 2 克深2和克深8气藏裂缝视开度与无阻流量的关系
Figure 2. Relationship between apparent fracture opening and unimpeded flow for Keshen 2 and Keshen 8 reservoirs
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图 3 改造期间双封隔器之间环空压力随时间的变化
Figure 3. Changes in annular pressure between double packers during transformation with time
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图 4 库车山前多封隔分层压裂完井管柱
Figure 4. Completion pipe string of multiple packers for layered fracturing in Kuqa Piedmont
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图 5 可溶球在70 ℃、1.2% KCl溶液中的溶解情况
Figure 5. Solubility of soluble spheres in 1.2% KCl solution at 70 ℃
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图 7 暂堵剂承压试验结果（15 MPa）
Figure 7. Pressure bearing test results of temporary plugging agent（15 MPa）
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图 8 克深E井软硬分层压裂裂缝参数模拟结果
Figure 8. Simulation results of fracture parameters for soft and hard layered fracturing in Well Keshen E
表 1 库车山前气藏白垩系巴什基奇克组储层评估分类
Table 1 Reservoir evaluation classification of Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in gas reservoir in Kuqa Piedmont
储层分类 井的位置 岩心裂缝特征 成像解释
（SLB成像数据）井漏 代表井/区 Ⅰ类储层 构造高部位 裂缝以半充填或未充填为主，裂缝开度大 裂缝密度>0.4条/m，
应力–裂缝夹角<30°漏失量400～1 200 m3，漏点5～15个，且纵向均匀分布 克深8区块，B132
井，博孜3井Ⅱ类储层 构造高部位 裂缝以半充填或未充填为主，裂缝开度大 裂缝密度>0.3条/m，
应力–裂缝夹角<30°漏失量30～400 m3；漏点3～5个，且纵向均匀分布 B241井，C104井 Ⅲ类储层 构造较低部位 裂缝不发育或少量的张剪缝，裂缝尺度小，充填性好 裂缝密度<0.3条/m，
应力–裂缝夹角>30°漏失量0～30 m3，单个漏点或无漏失 B605井，C506井 
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表 2 库车山前储层分层压裂常用封隔器技术参数
Table 2 Technical parameters of commonly used packers for layered fracturing in reservoir in Kuqa Piedmont
生产套管组合 完井封隔器组合 封隔器
内径/mm坐封压力/MPa 球座打开
压力/MPa最小 最大 设计 ϕ206.4 mm套管+
ϕ139.7 mm套管（悬挂）ϕ206.4 mm永久式封隔器 73.66 19.995 68.948 48.000 53.32 ϕ139.7 mm永久式封隔器 58.62 31.233 59.226 48.000 ϕ177.8 mm套管+
ϕ127.0 mm套管（悬挂）ϕ177.8 mm永久式封隔器 73.25 27.410 59.590 38.000 43.63 ϕ127.0 mm永久式封隔器 48.51 26.200 59.295 38.000
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表 3 克深E井与邻井改造和投产数据对比
Table 3 Comparison of stimulation and production data for Well Keshen E and adjacent wells
井号 改造工艺 解释油气层
厚度/m3总漏失
量/m3孔隙
度，%裂缝密度/
（条∙m−1）用液强度/
（m3∙m−1）加砂强度/
（m3∙m−1）改造前无阻流量/
（104m3∙d–1）改造后无阻流量/
（104m3∙d–1）克深A 笼统酸压 114.5 26.3 7.21 0.180 20.43 0 24.13 克深C 笼统酸化 94.5 619.7 6.83 0.740 20.00 118.49 35.64 克深B 笼统压裂 116.0 214.1 9.47 0.958 32.50 1.54 8.52 7.82 克深E 机械+暂堵复合分层压裂 115.5 2.7 7.33 0.180 23.20 1.47 29.40 264.67
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表 4 库车山前部分井暂堵升压效果统计
Table 4 Statistics of temporary plugging and pressure ramp-up in partial wells in Kuqa Piedmont
井号 改造井段/m 改造工艺 暂堵材料粒径/ mm 暂堵升压/MPa A-1 5412.00～5525.00 暂堵酸压 1～5，5～10 12.8 A-2 5524.00～5620.00 暂堵酸压 1～5，5～10 5.2 A-3 6805.00～6937.00 机械分层+暂堵转向压裂 1～5，5～10 7.0 6959.00～7020.00 1～5，5～10 8.9 A-4 6112.00～6197.50 暂堵加砂压裂 1～5，5～10 13.0 A-5 7677.00～7760.50 暂堵加砂压裂 1～5，5～10 11.3 A-6 6267.00～6336.00 暂堵加砂压裂 1～5，5～10 8.0 A-7 6873.00～6991.00 暂堵加砂压裂 1～5，5～10 6.2 A-8 7177.00～7259.50 暂堵酸压 1～5，5～10 20.5 平均 10.3
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