Abstract: In the drilling process of Shengli Oilfield, a large amount of drilling waste was generated, with excessive pollutants. However, the pollution control of drilling wastes in Shengli Oilfield focuses on the end treatment, with low waste resource utilization and high cost, which makes it impossible to realize the pollution control in the drilling process and seriously threatens the ecological environment of the oilfield. In order to solve the key technical problems of environmental protection in the drilling process of Shengli Oilfield, theoretical research, equipment development, technical breakthroughs, and integrated application were carried out with the goal of “pollution reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization”. Three core technologies were formed, including control of drilling pollution source, reduction of drilling waste while drilling in the whole well section, and harm-free treatment and resource utilization of drilling waste at the end. In addition, the environmental protection technology for drilling fluid treatment covering “source control, process reduction, and end treatment” was innovated. During the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period, the environmental protection technology for drilling fluid treatment was widely applied in Shengli, Sichuan, and Xinjiang Oilfields, and a series of green and low-carbon drilling demonstration projects were established in B-105, Y-222, Z-146 blocks of Shengli Oilfield, which provides technical support for the green and low-carbon development of Shengli Oilfield and a useful reference for the green and low-carbon development of onshore oilfields in China.