Ductile Nano-Cement Slurry Cementing for Slim-Hole Horizontal Shale Gas Wells
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摘要:
为了提高页岩气小井眼水平井固井质量,保证水泥环压裂封隔效果及压裂后的完整性，研究了纳米增韧水泥浆及其配套技术。采用纤维复配碳纳米管，研制了纳米增韧水泥浆，其形成的水泥石具有低模量、高抗拉的特点。与常规水泥石相比，纳米增韧水泥石的弹性模量降低50.9%，抗压强度提高28.1%，抗拉强度最高可达5.2 MPa。同时，研究了配套的碳纳米管三级混配工艺，解决了大剂量纳米材料易缠绕、难分散的问题，首次实现了碳纳米管水泥浆的现场应用。纳米增韧水泥浆固井试验结果表明，水平段固井质量合格率达98%；采用微地震井中监测技术评价了纳米增韧水泥环封隔效果，压裂过程中设计外区域的微地震事件为0，表明纳米增韧水泥环封隔良好。研究表明，纳米增韧水泥浆可为页岩气高效低成本开发提供技术支撑。
Abstract:To improve the cementing quality of slim-hole horizontal shale gas wells and ensure the sealing effect of the cement sheath while fracturing and the integrity after fracturing, a ductile nano-cement slurry (DNCS) and its associated technologies were studied. The DNCS was developed by using carbon nanotubes compounded with fibers, which had the properties of low elastic modulus and high tensile strength. Compared with conventional cement, the elastic modulus of ductile nano-cement was reduced by 50.9%; the compressive strength was increased by 28.1%; the maximum tensile strength could reach 5.2 MPa. An associated carbon nanotube three-stage mixing technology was studied, which solved the problems of entanglement and difficult dispersion of large doses of nanomaterials, and the field application of carbon nanotube cement slurry was achieved for the first time. The results of the DNCS cementing test show that the qualified ratio of cementing quality in the horizontal section reaches 98%. The sealing effect of the cement sheath was evaluated by borehole microseismic monitoring technology, and the microseismic event in the off-design area during the fracturing process is 0, indicating that the cement sheath is well sealed. The DNCS provides a technical support for the efficient and low-cost development of shale gas.
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Keywords:
- shale gas /
- slim hole /
- cementing /
- carbon nanotubes /
- ductile nano-cement slurry /
- three-stage mixing
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图 2 不同配方水泥石的应力–应变曲线
Figure 2. Stress-strain curves of cement stone with different formulations
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图 3 不同配方水泥石的抗压强度和抗拉强度测试结果
Figure 3. Compressive strength and tensile strength of cement in different cement slurries
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图 4 不同配方水泥石的孔径分布
Figure 4. Pore size distribution of cement stone with different formulations
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图 5 YYP-10井压裂各段微地震事件监测结果
Figure 5. Monitoring results of microseismic events in each fracturing section of Well YYP-10
表 1 不同配方水泥浆关键材料的加量
Table 1 Dosage of key materials for different formulations of cement slurry
配方 纤维加量，% CNTs加量，% 降滤失剂
加量，%油井水泥分散剂
加量，%A0 0 0 0.40 0.30 A1 0.50 0 0.40 0.32 A2 0.50 0.02 0.40 0.35 A3 0.50 0.04 0.40 0.40 A4 0.50 0.06 0.40 0.45 A5 1.00 0 0.40 0.32 A6 1.00 0.02 0.40 0.35 A7 1.00 0.04 0.40 0.40 A8 1.00 0.06 0.40 0.45 
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表 2 水泥浆综合性能测试结果
Table 2 Comprehensive performance test results of cement slurries
水泥浆配方 滤失量/mL 游离液含量，% 上下层密度差/（kg·L−1） 稠度系数 流性指数/（ Pa·sn） 稠化时间/min A0 52 0 0.002 0.79 0.27 134 A8 42 0 0 0.89 0.20 131
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