Development and Application of HTHP Gas Seal Test Packer
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摘要:
国内测试封隔器的机械性能不稳定、作业失败率较高，无法满足超深高温高压油气井的测试工作。为此，采用水力锚与下卡瓦实现双向锚定，“J”形槽结构实现机械式可重复座封、可回收等功能，设计旁通孔以便在解封时平衡胶筒上下压差、达到保护胶筒效果，研制了高温高压气密封测试封隔器。该测试封隔器胶筒设计为三胶筒结构，选用FKM材料以提高胶筒性能。采用API 19TT标准模拟入井、关井、开井、酸压等全过程复杂工序，实现7次压力反转，耐温204 ℃、耐压105 MPa，试验最大绝对压力140 MPa，达到V1-TP气密封等级。该测试封隔器在1口超深井中进行了现场试验，坐封位置7300 m，一次坐封成功率100%。该封隔器的成功研制，打破了国外地层测试封隔器的技术垄断，有效降低了测试成本，为国内高端工具的研发提供了借鉴。
Abstract:Test packers in China have unstable mechanical performance and high failure rate during operation, which thus fail to test ultra-deep, high-temperature, and high-pressure (HTHP) oil and gas wells. Therefore, in this paper, a hydraulic anchor and lower slip were adopted to realize bidirectional anchoring, and a J-shaped slot structure was employed to realize the mechanical repeatable setting, recycling, and other functions. The bypass hole was designed to balance the upper and lower pressure difference of the packer element during unsealing, so as to protect the element. As a result, an HTHP gas seal test packer was developed. The packer was designed with three elements, and FKM materials were optimized to improve the performance of the element. In the experiment, the API 19TT standard was adopted to simulate the whole process of complicated processes such as run-in-hole (RIH), shut-in pressure survey, and flowing pressure and acid fracturing measuring during well opening, so as to realize seven pressure reversals, with an experimental temperature of 204 °C and pressure of 105 MPa, as well as maximum absolute pressure of 140 MPa, reaching V1-TP gas seal grade. The packer was tested in one ultra-deep well. The setting position was 7300 m, and the one-time setting success rate was 100%. The successful development breaks the monopoly of formation test packer technologies in other countries, reduces test costs, and provides a reference for developing high-end tools in China.
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Keywords:
- HTHP /
- test packer /
- gas seal test /
- bidirectional anchoring
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表 1 螺旋压缩弹簧样件试验数据
Table 1 Test data of spiral compression spring sample
弹簧型号 编号 试验前
高度/mm压缩后
高度/mm温度/
℃试验后
高度/mm高度变
化/mm1号
（抽检5）1 28.57 13.2 210 28.44 0.13 2 28.70 28.52 0.18 3 28.18 27.61 0.57 4 28.04 27.62 0.42 5 28.07 27.42 0.65 2号
（抽检5）1 28.15 13.2 210 28.05 0.10 2 28.56 28.42 0.14 3 28.22 28.17 0.05 4 28.32 28.23 0.09 5 28.44 28.35 0.09 
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表 2 胶筒材料性能参数
Table 2 Performance parameters of rubber element materials
参数 外界条件 材料 端胶筒 中胶筒 硬度/IRHD 室温 90~95 80~85 抗拉强度/MPa 21.8 31.1 断裂伸长率，% 48 224 撕裂强度/（N·mm−1） 52 31 体积变化率，% 204 ℃下，采用IRM903
高温试验油浸泡24 h3 2 张力变化率，% −7 −12 延伸变化率，% 8 −5
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表 3 胶筒现场试验前后参数对比
Table 3 Comparison of parameters before and after field test of rubber element
胶筒 外径/mm 内径/mm 高度/mm 试验前 试验后 变化量 试验前 试验后 变化量 试验前 试验后 变化量 上胶筒 160.5 165.0 4.5 105.5 107.3 1.8 44.5 42.7 −1.8 中胶筒 160.5 162.4 1.9 105.0 106.0 1.0 70.0 67.5 −2.5 下胶筒 160.5 164.6 4.1 105.5 106.4 0.9 44.5 43.4 −1.1
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