Development and Field Test of an Electrically Controlled Packer for Water Prospecting by Pulling Pipe Strings in Horizontal Wells
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摘要:
针对长庆油田长水平段水平井应用拖动管柱找水工艺时存在配套的机械式封隔器坐封压力控制难度大、反复坐封密封胶筒损伤导致封隔器稳定性大幅度降低等问题，研制了可定时或实时坐封解封、可实现任意层段封隔的水平井电控封隔器。该封隔器在设计时充分考虑了水平井段重复坐封次数及密封件的承压性能，尤其是驱动机构动力输出部分采用直流电机+行星减速器、运动转换部分采用丝杠螺母机构方式，确保在许用套管空间内可实现输出扭矩最大化及封隔器胶筒的压缩坐封。通过室内试验评价了电控封隔器的耐温耐压、输出力矩和坐封推力等性能，相关性能指标均满足设计要求。水平井找水电控封隔器在长庆油田3口井进行了现场试验，试验结果表明，该封隔器可最大程度地降低工程条件的影响，提高作业成功率及测试质量，使拖动管柱找水测试工艺更简便、费用更低。
Abstract:When the technology for water prospecting by pulling pipe strings is applied in horizontal wells with long horizontal sections in Changqing Oilfield, it is difficult to control the setting pressure of matched mechanical packers, and the damage of sealing rubber cylinders caused by repeated setting results in a sharp reduction in the stability of packer setting tools. In view of these problems, an electrically controlled packer for horizontal wells was developed, which could bring about setting and unsealing on time or in real time, as well as packing of arbitrary layers. In terms of its design, the packer fully considered the repeated setting times in horizontal well sections and the pressure-bearing performance of seals. In particular, the power output part of the driving mechanism adopted a direct current motor and planetary reducer, and the motion conversion part used a screw and nut pair mechanism, so as to ensure that the output torque was maximized, and the packer rubber cylinder was compressed and set in the allowable casing space. The performance such as temperature and pressure resistance, output torque, and setting thrust of the electrically controlled packer were evaluated by laboratory tests, and the related indexes could meet the design requirements. Field tests were conducted in three wells in Changqing Oilfield. The results showed that the packer can minimize the impact of engineering conditions and improve the success rate and test quality of operations. Furthermore, it makes the technology of water prospecting by pulling pipe strings more convenient and economical.
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图 1 水平井电控封隔器+测试短节拖动找水工艺管柱结构
Figure 1. Structures of electronically controlled packer and pipe strings for horizontal well water prospecting by test joints
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图 2 水平井可电控封隔器结构示意
Figure 2. Structure of electrically controlled packer for horizontal wells
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图 3 电控封隔器胶筒坐封应力模拟分析结果
Figure 3. Simulation analysis results of setting stress in electrically controlled packer rubber cylinder
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图 4 电控封隔器驱动机构的工作原理
Figure 4. Working principle of the driving mechanism of electrically controlled packer
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图 5 电控封隔器各环节过液流道结构示意
Figure 5. Overcurrent area structure of each link of electrically controlled packer
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图 8 电控封隔器坐封压力测试曲线
Figure 8. Test curve for the setting pressure of electrically controlled packer
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图 9 长平X井机械卡堵趾部生产动态曲线
Figure 9. Production dynamic curve of the mechanical blocking toe in Well Changping X
表 1 电控封隔器系统耗电情况分析结果
Table 1 Power consumption of electrically controlled packer system
耗电项目 供电配置 消耗容量 电机驱动 电机单次工作时间25 min，平均工作电流70 mA 一次坐封/解封所需电量0.058 Ah，10次为0.58 Ah 主控电路 控制电路单次工作电流20 mA 10次坐封容量消耗0.166 Ah 系统待机 系统待机电流0.5 mA 60 d井下工作最大容量消耗0.72 Ah 
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