Safe and Efficient Drilling Technologies for Shallow Karst Strata for Shale Gas Wells in Southeast Sichuan
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摘要:
四川盆地川东南构造带东胜背斜北部浅表地层岩溶发育，溶洞层级多，破碎带厚，尤其是嘉陵江组2段以上地层钻井液失返、井壁破碎带掉块严重，井下故障频发，多口井废弃。为了提高页岩气井的钻井效益，采取了优化井身结构、分井段优化钻具组合、分阶段优选钻井液，以及使用“组合法”注水泥固化破碎带井壁等技术措施，形成了川东南页岩气井岩溶浅表层安全高效钻井技术。该技术在东胜背斜北部区块10口井进行了现场应用，降低了浅表层井段发生井下故障的概率，提高了岩溶浅表层的钻井时效，浅表层成井率达到100%，机械钻速提高25.0%，钻井周期缩短63.2%。川东南页岩气井岩溶浅表层安全高效钻井技术为该区块高效开发提供了技术支撑。
Abstract:In the northern part of the Dongsheng Anticline, located in the Southeast Sichuan Tectonic Belt of the Sichuan Basin, karst is developed in shallow strata, here karst caves have many levels, with thick fracture zones. In particular, drilling fluid is often lost during the drilling the strata above the 2nd member of Jialingjiang Formation, fracture zones of the borehole wall fall off seriously, which results in frequent downhole failures and abandonment of wells. In order to improve the drilling efficiency of shale gas wells, technical measures were taken, such as optimizing the casing program, improving the bottom hole assembly(BHA) by well sections, selecting drilling fluids by stages, and cementing the borehole wall with fracture zones by a combination method, which formed the safe and efficient drilling technologies for shallow karst strata for shale gas wells in southeast Sichuan, improving the drilling efficiency of shallow karst strata and shortened the drilling cycle. In addition, the technologies were applied in 10 wells in the northern block of the Dongsheng Anticline. As a result, the probability of downhole complications in well sections with shallow strata was reduced, and the well completion rate in shallow strata reached 100%. The rate of penetration (ROP) was increased by 25.0%, and the drilling cycle was decreased by 63.2%. Having safe and efficient drilling technologies for shallow karst strata for shale gas wells in Southeast Sichuan can provide technical support for efficient development of the block.
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Keywords:
- shale gas well /
- karst /
- shallow strata /
- lost circulation /
- BHA /
- safe and efficient /
- drilling cycle
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图 1 随钻变径掉块破碎划眼工具
Figure 1. Reaming tool for variable diameter and fall-block breaking while drilling
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图 2 不同浆体凝胶强度与ZND-2和CMC-HV加量的关系曲线
Figure 2. Relation curve of differenr gel strength and the dosage of ZND-2 and CMC-HV
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图 3 不同浆体表观黏度与ZND-2和CMC-HV加量的关系曲线
Figure 3. Relation curve of different apparent viscosity and the dosage of ZND-2 and CMC-HV
表 1 不同温度、体积比下的水泥石抗压强度
Table 1 Compressive strength of cement stone under different temperatures and volume ratios
类型 比例 温度/℃ 抗压强度/MPa 24 h 48 h 纯水泥 25 8.6 19.0 50 13.9 22.0 双液法 2∶1 25 1.6 3∶1 25 1.8 6.7 4∶1 25 3.6 10.5 5∶1 25 4.1 低密度泡沫水泥浆法 50 5.1 
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表 2 川东南页岩气井岩溶浅表层安全高效钻井技术应用前后钻井数据对比
Table 2 Comparison of drilling data before and after the application of safe and efficient drilling technologies for shallow karst strata for shale gas wells in southeast Sichuan
井 号 导管井深/m 导管完钻层位 一开井深/ m 一开完钻层位 浅表层施工周期/d 井下故障 是否应用新技术1） DP1HF 72.00 雷口坡组 1 231.00 飞仙关组 65.50 有 否 DP20-2HF 202.26 嘉4段 850.00 嘉1段 85.67 有 否 DP1-8HF 272.00 嘉4段 880.00 嘉1段 65.83 有 否 DP3-4HF 817.00 嘉4段 1 390.00 嘉1段 63.33 有 否 DP33-2HF 245.00 嘉4段 820.00 嘉1段 59.06 有 否 DP20-1HF 230.00 嘉4段 846.00 嘉1段 35.63 有 是 DP20-3HF 243.85 嘉4段 839.00 嘉1段 41.08 无 是 DP36-3HF 448.00 嘉4段 1 694.00 飞仙关组 27.71 无 是 DP1-6HF 299.00 嘉4段 856.00 嘉1段 28.19 无 是 DP1-5HF 332.00 嘉4段 860.00 嘉1段 21.94 无 是 DP33-6HF 258.00 嘉4段 815.00 嘉1段 27.75 无 是 DP1-7HF 280.00 嘉4段 863.00 嘉1段 29.48 无 是 DP33-5HF 291.00 嘉4段 808.00 嘉1段 18.43 无 是 DP33-4HF 245.00 嘉4段 810.00 嘉1段 9.82 无 是 DP33-3HF 245.00 嘉4段 814.50 嘉1段 9.50 无 是 注：1）“新技术”指“川东南页岩气井岩溶浅表层安全高效钻井技术”。
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