The Settlement Drag Coefficient of Gulong Shale Cuttings in Power-Law Fluids in Daqing Oilfield
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摘要:
大庆油田古龙页岩油开发大多采用长水平段水平井，但长水平段水平井钻井过程中，岩屑易在井筒内自由沉降而形成岩屑床，导致沉砂卡钻等井下故障，因此需要研究岩屑颗粒的沉降规律，优化钻井液性能及水力参数，确保井眼清洁。为此，利用可视化的试验装置和高速摄像机，系统记录了试验中颗粒在幂律流体中的沉降行为，获得了196组球形颗粒和224组不规则形状岩屑在幂律流体中自由沉降的试验数据。采用一种依赖于沉降颗粒受力平衡的力学模型对试验数据进行统计分析，建立了幂律流体中球形颗粒阻力系数预测模型。在此基础上，引入二维形状描述参数，建立了幂律流体中不规则形状岩屑阻力系数预测模型。该模型预测准确性较高，平均相对误差仅6.93%，能够满足钻井工程中预测岩屑沉降速度的需求。
Abstract:Horizontal wells with long horizontal sections are mostly adopted in developing the Gulong shale oil in Daqing Oilfield. However, during the drilling process of the horizontal wells with long horizontal sections, the broken cuttings in the borehole annulus easily settle freely in wellbore drilling fluids to form cuttings beds. In order to avoid downhole failures such as sand sinking and sticking caused by cuttings deposition, it is necessary to study the settlement law of cuttings particles and predict the final velocity of cuttings settlement. In this paper, the settlement behavior of particles in power-law fluids was systematically recorded by visual devices and high-speed cameras during experiments. The experimental data from the free settlement of 196 groups of spherical particles and 224 groups of irregularly shaped cuttings in the power-law fluids were obtained. A mechanical model dependent on the force balance of settling particles was adopted, and the experimental data were analyzed in detail. A model for predicting the drag coefficient of spherical particles in the power-law fluids was established. On this basis, a two-dimensional shape description parameter was introduced to establish a model for predicting the drag coefficient of irregularly shaped cuttings in the power-law fluids. The prediction model showed high accuracy, and the average relative error was only 6.93%. Therefore, the model can meet the need of predicting cuttings settling velocity in drilling engineering.
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Keywords:
- shale /
- shale cuttings settlement /
- drag coefficient /
- power-law fluid /
- borehole cleaning /
- Gulong Sag /
- Daqing Oilfield
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图 2 古龙凹陷不同井深处页岩岩屑形态
Figure 2. Cuttings morphology in different well depths of the Gulong Depression
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图 4 页岩岩屑圆形度与等效直径的分布关系
Figure 4. Distribution relationship between the roundness and equivalent diameter of shale cuttings
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图 5 沉降试验得到的196组球形颗粒的CD–Res关系
Figure 5. CD-Res relationship of 196 groups of spherical particles obtained through settlement experiments
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图 7 球形颗粒沉降阻力系数预测值与试验值的对比
Figure 7. Comparison between predicted settlement drag coefficient of spherical particles and that measured through experiments
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图 8 球形颗粒沉降速度的预测值与试验值的对比
Figure 8. Comparison between predicted settling velocity of spherical particles and that measured throughexperiments
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图 9 224组页岩岩屑数据的CD–Res关系
Figure 9. CD–Res relationship of 224 groups of shale cuttings data
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图 10 页岩岩屑沉降试验测得阻力系数与模型预测阻力系数的对比
Figure 10. Comparison between drag coefficient of shale cuttings measured by settlement experiments and that predicted by the proposed model
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图 11 页岩岩屑沉降速度实测值与模型预测值的对比
Figure 11. Comparison between experimentally measured settling velocity of shale cuttings and that predicted by the model
表 1 试验用颗粒的物性参数
Table 1 Physical property parameters of particles for experiments
颗粒材质 颗粒等效直径/mm 密度/（kg·m−3） 不锈钢 1，2，3，4，5 7 930 氧化锆 1，2，3，4，5 6 080 玻璃 1，2，3，4，5 2 500 页岩颗粒 2.1～5.7 2 073 
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表 2 不同质量分数CMC水溶液的物性参数及流变参数
Table 2 Physical property and rheological parameters of CMC aqueous solution with different mass fractions
CMC质量分数，% 温度/℃ 密度/（kg·m−3） 流变参数 K/（Pa·sn） n 2.00 17.3 1 008.0 8.161 9 0.418 2 1.75 18.6 1 006.0 5.340 5 0.443 7 1.50 18.0 1 005.0 3.320 4 0.471 0 1.25 17.6 1 004.5 1.532 2 0.522 4 1.00 17.2 1 003.0 0.697 7 0.578 6 0.50 16.6 1 002.0 0.045 0 0.819 4 0.25 16.9 1 001.0 0.008 0 0.953 0
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表 3 幂律流体中球形颗粒沉降阻力系数误差统计
Table 3 Error statistics of the settlement drag coefficient of spherical particles in power-law fluids
颗粒雷诺数范围 模型 预测误差，% δMRE δMMRE δRMSLE 0.001<Res<848.000 式（8） 17.36 23.00 34.94 式（9） 13.31 14.00 32.73 式（11） 20.84 34.00 39.24 式（13） 7.11 8.00 19.72
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