Micro Digital Analysis on Instability Form and Mechanism of Mudstone Borehole Wall in Songnan Gas Field
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摘要:
针对松辽盆地松南气田青山口组、泉头组和登娄库组泥岩井壁失稳的问题，运用高精度CT扫描数字化成像技术建立了数字岩样，并应用岩石微观结构数字图像数值分析方法提取物性参数，通过综合对比不同地层泥岩矿物组成、理化性能，以及泥岩经蒸馏水、不同钻井液处理剂溶液和现场钻井液浸泡后内部微观结构损伤变化等，揭示了泥岩井壁失稳的形式及其机制。3组泥岩岩样黏土矿物含量平均达到34.56%，且以伊/蒙混层、伊利石为主，均具有较强的毛细管自吸水化作用；因组构特征不同，水化损伤微观裂变扩展、裂变过程及其破裂模式与程度存在明显差异；裂变扩展过程决定了次生裂缝的走势与强度，从而决定了泥岩地层井壁宏观上的失稳形式主要是片状剥离和掉块坍塌；不同测试液抑制泥岩水化的作用机理不同，其效果存在明显差异，预防泥岩水化的关键是有效控制或阻缓水分子侵入。分析结果表明，采用数字化成像分析技术进行井壁稳定性评价时，在岩样微观结构损伤的直观刻画、定量描述及对比分析等方面具有明显优势；泥岩地层井壁失稳形式及失稳机制的揭示，为松南气田钻井液处理剂的优选和钻井液配方的优化提供了科学依据。
Abstract:The Qingshankou Formation, Quantou Formation, and Denglouku Formation of Songnan Gas Field in Songliao Basin have unstable mudstone borehole walls. Considering this problem, the digital rock samples were established by high-precision CT scanning-based digital imaging technology, and the physical properties of the samples were extracted by numerical analysis of the digital rock microstructure image. A comprehensive comparative analysis was conducted in terms of the mudstone mineral composition, and physical and chemical properties of formations, as well as the microstructure damage variations in the rock samples caused by the physical and chemical actions when they were soaked in distilled water, solutions of different drilling fluid additives, and on-site drilling fluids. In this way, the instability forms and mechanisms of mudstone borehole walls were revealed. The results demonstrated that for the mudstone samples from the three formations, the content of clay minerals reached 34.56% on average, and they were mainly composed of mixed illite/smectite and illite, which all had strong hydration of spontaneous capillary imbibition. Due to different fabric characteristics, there was a great difference in the micro-fission expansion, fission process, and fracture mode and degree of hydration damage. The fission expansion process determined the trend and strength of secondary fractures, which further decided the macroscopic instability forms of mudstone borehole walls were mainly sheet stripping and falling block collapse. The mechanisms of various test fluids inhibiting the hydration of mudstone differed, and their effects also demonstrated significant differences. Hence, effectively controlling or inhibiting the intrusion of water molecules was the key to preventing the hydration of mudstone. The analysis suggests that the digital imaging analysis technology has great advantages in evaluating borehole wall instability regarding the intuitive characterization, quantitative description, and comparative analysis of the microstructure damage to the rock samples. The revealed instability forms and mechanisms of mudstone borehole walls provide a scientific basis for the optimal selection of drilling fluid additives and the formula of the drilling fluid system for Songnan Gas Field.
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Keywords:
- mudstone /
- borehole wall instability /
- microstructure /
- hydration /
- CT scanning /
- Songnan Gas Field
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图 3 青山口组泥岩岩样在蒸馏水中浸泡不同时间后的微观结构
Figure 3. Microstructure of mudstone rock samples from Qingshankou Formation after soaking in distilled water for different times
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图 4 青山口组泥岩岩样内部蒸馏水沿微裂缝的扩展情况
Figure 4. Distilled water spreading along microfractures in mudstone rock samples from Qingshankou Formation
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图 5 泉头组泥岩岩样在蒸馏水中浸泡不同时间后的微观结构
Figure 5. Microstructure of mudstone rock samples from Quantou Formation after soaking in distilled water for different times
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图 6 泉头组泥岩岩样次生裂缝扩展及缝宽变化情况
Figure 6. Secondary fracture propagation and changes in fracture width of mudstone rock samples from Quantou Formation
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图 7 登娄库组泥岩岩样在蒸馏水中浸泡不同时间后的结构
Figure 7. Structure of mudstone rock samples from Denglouku Formation after soaking in distilled water for different times
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图 8 登娄库组泥岩岩样次生裂缝扩展及缝宽变化情况
Figure 8. Secondary fracture propagation and changes in fracture width of mudstone rock samples from Denglouku Formation
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图 9 不同地层泥岩岩样在6.0%KCl中浸泡30 min后的微观结构
Figure 9. Microstructure of mudstone samples from different formations after immersion in 6.0% KCl for 30 min
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图 10 泉头组泥岩岩样在不同液体浸泡60 min后的次生裂缝扩展及缝宽
Figure 10. Secondary fracture propagation and fracture width of mudstone samples from Quantou Formation after immersion in different fluids for 60 min
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图 11 泉头组和登娄库组泥岩岩样在0.5%KPAM中浸泡30 min前后的微观结构
Figure 11. Microstructure of mudstone samples from Quantou Formation and Denglouku Formation before and after immersion in 0.5% KPAM for 30 min
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图 12 泉头组和登娄库组泥岩岩样在1.0%胺基聚醇中浸泡60 min前后的微观结构
Figure 12. Microstructure of mudstone samples from Quantou Formation and Denglouku Formation before and after immersion in 1.0% aminopolyalcohol for 60 min
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图 13 泥岩岩样在钻井液及滤液中浸泡3 min后的微观结构
Figure 13. Microstructure of mudstone rock sample after immersion in drilling fluid and filtrate for 3 min
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图 14 泥岩岩样在钻井液中浸泡3 min后的局部微观结构及次生裂缝发育情况
Figure 14. Local microstructure and secondary fracture development of mudstone rock sample after immersion in drilling fluid for 3 min
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图 15 不同溶液浸泡后泉头组泥岩岩样内部次生裂缝缝宽和孔隙率的变化情况
Figure 15. Changes of secondary fracture width and porosity in mudstone rock samples from Quantou Formation after immersion in different solutions
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图 16 不同溶液浸泡后登娄库组岩样内部次生裂缝缝宽和孔隙率的变化情况
Figure 16. Changes of secondary fracture width and porosity in rock samples from Denglouku Formation after immersion in different solutions
表 1 泥岩岩样全岩矿物分析结果
Table 1 Whole-rock mineral analysis results of mudstone rock sample
井深/m 地层 样品数量 全岩矿物含量，% 石英 钾长石 斜长石 方解石 白云石 赤铁矿 黏土矿物 2 100 青山口组 23 47.9 13.9 1.6 0.1 36.5 2 799 泉头组 43 38.8 2.6 7.3 10.4 4.0 36.9 3 288 登娄库组 50 51.6 6.8 10.6 0.7 30.3 
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表 2 泥岩岩样黏土矿物相对含量分析结果
Table 2 Analysis result of relative content of clay mineral of mudstone rock sample
井深/m 地层 黏土矿物相对含量，% 混层比，% 高岭石 绿泥石 伊利石 伊/蒙混层 2 100 青山口组 2.8 17.0 25.6 54.6 20.0 2 799 泉头组 2.0 15.7 33.0 49.3 25.0 3 288 登娄库组 0.5 9.1 44.0 46.4 26.5
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表 3 泥岩岩样的线性膨胀率及滚动回收率
Table 3 Linear expansion rate and rolling recovery rate of mudstone rock sample
井深/m 地层 线性膨胀率，% 滚动回收率，% 1 h 2 h 4 h 8 h 16 h 24 h 16 h 32 h 2 100 青山口组 0.98 1.53 3.50 7.65 9.20 9.26 89.6 86.4 2 799 泉头组 1.44 1.86 4.25 8.90 12.24 13.85 80.0 72.3 3 288 登娄库组 1.05 1.43 3.76 8.56 10.23 11.12 85.3 78.6
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