Key Engineering Technologies for Three-Dimensional Development of Multiple Formations of Shale Oil in Jiyang Depression
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摘要:
济阳坳陷页岩油复杂的工程地质条件导致钻井周期长、复杂时效高、固井质量难控制和压裂施工难度大等问题突出。为解决以上工程技术问题，通过技术攻关和技术集成，形成了包括多层立体开发钻井工程设计、钻井提速提效技术、钻井液抗页岩油污染技术、水平段固井技术和高效增产压裂技术的页岩油多层立体开发关键工程技术。FY先导示范井组应用了页岩油多层立体开发关键工程技术，该井组8口井的平均钻井周期59.58 d、平均钻完井周期69.95 d，复杂时效较未应用该技术前降低51%，且顺利完成252段的压裂施工。研究与现场应用结果表明，页岩油多层立体开发关键工程技术能解决济阳坳陷页岩油立体开发存在的技术难点，使济阳坳陷页岩油立体开发工程技术水平得到提高，为济阳坳陷页岩油资源的有效开发提供了工程技术支撑。
Abstract:The complex engineering geological conditions of shale oil in Jiyang Depression lead to some pro-minent problems, such as a long drilling cycle, high complex time efficiency, and difficulties in controlling cementing quality and fracturing. In response to them, key engineering technologies for the three-dimensional development of multiple formations of shale oil reservoir were developed through technology research and integration, including drilling engineering design for three-dimensional development in multiple formations, technologies for improving drilling speed and efficiency, technologies of preventing drilling fluids from pollution by shale oil, cementing technologies for horizontal sections, and fracturing technologies for high-efficiency stimulation. These key technologies were applied in the FY pilot demonstration well group. The average drilling cycle of eight wells in the group was 59.58 d, and the average completion period was 69.95 d. The complex time efficiency was decreased by 51% compared with that before the application of these technologies, and 252 sections were fractured successfully. The results of research and field application demonstrated that the series of technologies can tackle the technical problems in the three-dimensional development of multiple formations shale oil in Jiyang Depression and improve the relevant technical level, providing engineering and technical support for the effective development of shale oil resources in Jiyang Depression.
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表 1 不同偏移距的井眼轨道参数
Table 1 Well trajectory parameters under different offsets
井序号 轨道序号 偏移距/m 方位角变化/（°） 完钻井深/m 技术套管下深/m 稳斜段井斜角/（°） 结论 第1口 ① 0 0 6 182.06 3 407 7.7 第3口 ② 300 60.41 6 216.79 3 432 15.0 第5口 ③ 600 74.42 6 318.16 3 500 27.0 第7口 ④ 900 79.78 6 475.57 3 604 38.0 不推荐 第9口 ⑤ 1 200 82.56 6 674.36 3 731 47.0 不推荐 
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表 2 不同偏移距下的摩阻扭矩
Table 2 Friction and torque under different offsets
井眼轨道
序号偏移
距/m方位角
变化/（°）完钻井深/
m滑动钻进
摩阻/kN旋转钻进
扭矩/（kN·m）① 0 0 6 182.06 418 24.3 ② 300 60.41 6 216.79 422 25.8 ③ 600 74.42 6 318.16 445 27.8 ④ 900 79.78 6 475.57 474 29.5 ⑤ 1 200 82.56 6 674.36 501 30.7
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表 3 济阳坳陷页岩油的物理性质
Table 3 Physical properties of shale oil in Jiyang Depression
井号 20 ℃密度/
（kg·L−1）50 ℃黏度/
（mPa·s）凝点/
℃含蜡
量，%胶质含
量，%沥青质
含量，%NY1-1HF 0.85 10.3 34 25.8 14.10 1.70 NY 1-2HF 0.86 16.0 31 24.6 10.80 1.90 FY1-7HF 0.85 26.1 32 12.9 8.84 5.91
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表 4 合成基钻井液页岩油侵入后的流变性
Table 4 Rheology of synthetic-based drilling fluid invaded by shale oil
原油侵
入量，%是否加入
降黏剂温度/
℃表观黏度/
（mPa·s）塑性黏度/
（mPa·s）动切
力/Pa静切
力/Pa破乳电
压/V否 60 95.0 80 15.0 7.0/15.0 1 281 20 否 60 68.0 58 10.0 6.5/11.0 1 426 25 106.0 82 24.0 10.0/13.5 1 450 40 否 60 50.0 45 5.0 2.5/6.5 1 502 25 145.0 118 27.0 14.0/18.0 1 490 40 是 25 97.5 82 15.5 6.0/10.0 1 337
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表 5 高效驱油冲洗隔离液与水泥浆、钻井液的相容性试验结果
Table 5 Compatibility of flushing spacer for high-efficiency oil displacement with cement slurry and drilling fluid
水泥浆占比，% 隔离液占比，% 钻井液占比，% 稠化时间/min 25 50 25 360 min未稠化 50 25 25 360 min未稠化 25 25 50 360 min未稠化
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