Research and Field Test of Ultra-Short Radius Horizontal Drilling Technology Combining Coiled Tubing and Flexible BHA
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摘要:
超短半径水平井在油气田老井改造、剩余油挖潜方面作用很大，但常用的柔性钻具超短半径水平井钻井技术存在起下钻周期长、作业成本高的问题。考虑连续管钻井具有钻井效率高、成本低和安全可靠等优点，提出了将连续管与柔性钻具相结合的钻井新思路，并研制了高速和低速大扭矩螺杆、改进了柔性钻具结构、研制了叠加式斜向器和造斜PDC钻头等关键工具，优化了配套施工工艺，初步形成了“连续管+柔性钻具”超短半径水平井钻井技术。该技术在江汉油田陵72-5CZ井开展了首次现场试验，成功完成了长30.21 m的超短半径水平分支井眼，平均机械钻速0.8 m/h，实钻井眼轨迹与设计井眼轨道吻合良好，水平段平均稳斜角为88.17°。现场试验结果验证了“连续管+柔性钻具”超短半径水平井钻井技术的可行性，为剩余油挖潜和低渗油田高效开发提供了一项新技术。
Abstract:Ultra-short radius horizontal wells play an important role in the stimulation of old oil and gas wells and the potential tapping of remaining oil. The commonly used ultra-short radius horizontal drilling technology with flexible bottom hole assembly (BHA), however, faces the problems of long tripping periods and high operation costs. In contrast, coiled tubing drilling tools feature high drilling efficiency with low costs and are safe and reliable. Hence, this study combined the advantages of coiled tubing and flexible BHA and developed key tools for ultra-short radius horizontal drilling, including large-torque positive displacement motors (PDM) at high and low rotary speed, optimized flexible BHA, stacking whipstock and build-up PDC bit, etc. Moreover, supporting operation processes were optimized. As a result, the ultra-short radius horizontal drilling technology combining coiled tubing and flexible BHA was preliminarily developed. The technology was first applied in a field test in Well Ling 72-5CZ of Jianghan Oilfield, and an ultra-short radius horizontal lateral well of 30.21 m was drilled, with an average rate of penetration of 0.8 m/h. The trajectory was in good agreement with the designed one, and the horizontal section has an average inclination angle of 88.17°. The field test results verify that the ultra-short radius horizontal drilling technology combining coiled tubing and flexible BHA is feasible, and it can provide a new technology for the potential tapping of remaining oil and efficient development of low-permeability oil fields.
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图 1 “连续管+柔性钻具”超短半径水平井钻井示意
Figure 1. Ultra-short radius horizontal well drilling with coiled tubing and flexible BHA
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图 3 不同钻杆短节长度和短节夹角条件下的柔性钻具造斜率和曲率半径计算结果
Figure 3. Calculation results of build-up rate and curvature radius of flexible BHA under different length and included angle conditions of drill rod sub
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图 6 ϕ114.0 mm造斜PDC钻头冠部形状及切削齿分布
Figure 6. Crown profile of ϕ114.0 build-up PDC bit andcutter distribution
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图 7 陵72-5CZ井原始井身结构及实钻分支井眼示意
Figure 7. Original casing program and lateral well drilled of Well Ling 72-5CZ
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图 8 陵72-5CZ井超短半径分支井眼井斜角及轨迹测量结果
Figure 8. Inclination angle and trajectory measurement of ultra-short radius lateral well in Well Ling 72-5CZ
表 1 高转速和低转速大扭矩螺杆钻具的主要性能参数
Table 1 Main parameters of large-torque PDM at high and low rotary speed
型号 直径/mm 转速/(r·min−1) 使用排量/(L·s−1) 工作压降/MPa 最大扭矩/(N·m) 最大压降/MPa 最大功率/kW 井眼直径/mm 9LZ105×7-4.0 105 132～265 8.3～16.6 3.2 3798 5.4 26.5～53.0 121～149 9LZ105×7-3.0 105 46～95 6.6～13.0 3.0 4700 4.2 50.0 121～139 
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