Performance Evaluation of Sand Control Materialof Swelling Shape-Memory Particles
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摘要:
针对油气井开采过程中的出砂问题，提出采用温敏性形状记忆聚合物材料填充射孔孔道的新型防砂方法，以达到简化施工程序、降低防砂成本和延长防砂有效期的目的。优选形状记忆聚氨脂泡沫作为原料，加工成粒径3～6 mm的不规则颗粒，并在颗粒外表面涂覆环氧树脂和固化剂，制备成膨胀颗粒防砂材料，试验评价了该防砂材料的膨胀性能、耐温性能、抗压强度、过流性能、挡砂性能和耐介质性能。试验结果表明：该防砂材料在温度60～70 ℃下开始膨胀，最高适应温度90 ℃；膨胀系数200 %，在约束空间中膨胀胶结后可形成整体硬质挡砂屏障，抗压强度4.5 MPa，渗透率90 D，可阻挡粒径大于0.15 mm的地层砂；其过流性能和抗堵塞能力明显高于树脂涂覆砂防砂材料。该防砂材料防砂形成的挡砂屏障具有高渗透、高强度和抗堵塞的特点，利用该材料防砂具有成本低、施工简单和不留管柱等优点，具有很好的推广应用价值。
Abstract:To solve the problem of sand production that occurs during oil and gas well exploitation, a new sand control method of filling perforation channels with a temperature-sensitive shape-memory polymer was proposed with the goals of simplifying the construction procedure, reducing sand control cost, and prolonging the effective period of sand control. Shape-memory polyurethane foam was selected as the raw material, processed into irregular particles of 3–6 mm in particle size, then coated with epoxy resin and curing agents on the outer surface. A sand control material of swelling particles was thus prepared, and its swelling performance, temperature resistance, compressive strength, flow performance, sand retention, and medium resistance were evaluated by testing. The results showed that this sand control material started to swell at the temperature of 60–70 °C and its maximum adaptive temperature was 90 °C. With a swelling coefficient of 200%, this material could form a monolithic sand retention barrier after it swelled and cemented in a confined space. The barrier exhibited a compressive strength of 4.5 MPa and a permeability of 90 D. It is capable of retaining formation sand above 0.15 mm in particle size. The flow performance and anti-clogging ability of the proposed material were significantly superior to those of the sand control material of resin-coated sand. The proposed sand control material deserves promotion and application because the sand retention barrier it forms when applied to sand control is highly permeable, high-strength, and anti-clogging, and sand control with this material has the advantages of low cost, simple construction, and leaving no strings.
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图 3 膨胀颗粒膨胀时间与温度的关系曲线
Figure 3. Relationship between the swelling time of swelling particles with temperature
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图 6 膨胀颗粒胶结定型前后对比
Figure 6. Comparison of swelling particles before and after cementation setting
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图 8 不同粒径地层砂的驱替压差
Figure 8. Displacement pressure difference of formation sand with different particle sizes
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图 9 膨胀颗粒防砂材料与涂覆砂的驱替压差
Figure 9. Displacement pressure difference between sand control material of swelling particles and resin sand
表 1 不同粒径地层砂的出砂量及驱替后的渗透率
Table 1 Sand production of formation sand with different particle sizes and permeability after displacement
地层砂粒径/mm 出砂量/g 渗透率/D 92.3 0.250 未出砂 91.5 0.212 未出砂 91.2 0.150 0.004 86.3 0.120 0.011 84.8 0.106 0.035 79.4 
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表 2 膨胀颗粒防砂材料在不同介质中浸泡前后的质量
Table 2 Mass of sand control material of swelling particles before and after soaking in different media
浸泡介质 膨胀颗粒防砂材料胶结岩心质量/g 浸泡前 浸泡10 d 浸泡30 d 15%盐酸 6.874 6.863 6.854 pH值10碱液 6.803 6.794 6.762 柴油 6.947 6.965 6.996 地层水 6.785 6.781 6.783
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