Abstract: Deep and ultra-deep oil and gas resources have become a new critical area of the exploration and development of oil and gas resources in Junggar Basin. With the increase of drilling depth, the geological conditions of the formation become more and more complex. As a result, the challenges of drilling safely and efficiently are growing. Based on the progress of deep and ultra-deep well drilling technologies in Junggar Basin, the main causes of lost circulation, kick, borehole collapse, and low rate of penetration (ROP) were analyzed, considering the characteristics of the basin geological structure, pressure system distribution, and formation lithology. Furthermore, the technical advances in casing program optimization, managed pressure drilling, wellbore stability, ROP enhancement and other aspects in recent years were summarized. Meanwhile, the drilling situation of 39 ultra-deep wells in Junggar Basin and the existing technical shortcomings were analyzed. Based on the above analysis results, some suggestions to enhance the ability to describe drilling geological environment, enrich wellbore strengthening technologies, and deepen efficient rock breaking technologies were put forward. The research results could promote the development of ultra-deep well drilling technologies in Junggar Basin.