Integrity Assurance Technologies for Plugged Wells in Wen 23 Gas Storage
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摘要:
文23储气库属于枯竭砂岩气藏型储气库，建设前需要对无法再利用的老井进行封堵。为确保老井的封堵质量，保障储气库的完整性，引入挪威石油工业协会井筒完整性技术标准的井筒完整性设计理念，识别了文23储气库老井封堵前后的窜漏风险状况，设计了井屏障系统，研发了适用于高温气层的耐高温缓膨气密封封堵体系，制定了确保封堵老井井筒完整性的工艺，形成了以井屏障设计、施工和监控为基础的井筒完整性保障技术。文23储气库老井采用该技术进行封堵，现场施工成功率100％，老井封堵后的井筒完整性良好，经受住多轮次注采交变应力的长期作用。研究和现场应用结果表明，根据井筒完整性设计理念进行井筒完整性设计和施工，可以确保老井封堵后井筒长期的完整性，也可为类似储气库设计提供借鉴。
Abstract:As Wen 23 Gas Storage is a depleted sandstone gas reservoir, old wells that can no longer be reused need to be plugged before its construction. To guarantee the effectiveness of plugging old wells and assure the integrity of the gas storage, the design concept of wellbore integrity of the technical standard formulated by the Norwegian Oil Industry Association was adopted, and risks of channeling and leakage before and after plugging of the old wells in Wen 23 Gas Storage were identified. Furthermore, a well barrier system was drawn, a heat-resistant swelling-delayed gas-tight plugging system suitable for high-temperature gas layers was developed, and process designed to ensure the wellbore integrity of plugged old wells was created. Assurance technologies for wellbore integrity based on the design, construction, and monitoring of the well barrier were thus obtained and then applied to plug the old wells in Wen 23 Gas Storage. In addition to achieving a 100% success rate of field construction and favorable wellbore integrity after plugging, these wells also survived the long-standing action of alternating stresses during multiple rounds of injection and production. The research results and field application show that conducting wellbore integrity-oriented design and construction according to wellbore integrity can not only ensure the long-term wellbore integrity of old wells after they are plugged but also provide a reference for the design of similar gas storages.
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图 1 文23储气库封堵井窜漏通道示意
Figure 1. Channeling and leakage channels in plugged well in Wen 23 Gas Storage
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图 2 文23储气库老井封堵后的井屏障
Figure 2. Well barrier after plugging of old well in Wen 23 Gas Storage
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图 4 稠化时间、抗压强度与胶凝固化剂加量的关系
Figure 4. Relationships of thickening time and compressive strength with dosage of gelling curing agent
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图 5 滞留面积与网架结构形成剂加量的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between retention area and dosage of grid structure forming agent
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图 6 气体突破压力与微膨胀剂加量的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between gas breakthrough pressure and dosage of micro-swelling agent
表 1 封堵目的层要求
Table 1 Plugging requirements for the target layers
井段 状况 措施 储气层底界以
下100 m内已射孔 封堵合格后，进行下步作业 未射孔 固井质量合格，在储层底界以下100 m套管内打水泥塞；固井质量不合格，在该井段内射孔进行二次固井，再在储气层底界以下100 m井筒内打水泥塞 储气层 已射孔 先采用挤注水泥的方式封堵射孔段，封堵半径0.50～2.00 m，并在射孔段井筒中打水泥塞，水泥塞长度在储气层顶界以上不少于300 m，同时水泥塞应覆盖储气层段，其长度要达100 m以上 未射孔 在储气层段对应的套管打水泥塞，水泥塞覆盖储气层段长度达100 m以上 储气层以上
100 m内射孔且无套管漏失 在封堵储气层所留水泥面上坐封桥塞，然后在桥塞上打水泥塞，水泥塞长度要达到100 m以上；水泥塞上注防腐加重钻井液至井口 未射孔或套管漏失 先在封堵层段以下坐封桥塞，挤水泥封堵后，再在井筒内打水泥塞，水泥塞长度要达100 m以上；水泥塞上注防腐加重钻井液至井口 
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表 2 超细水泥与普通封堵剂粒度分析结果
Table 2 Particle size analysis results of superfine cement and ordinary plugging agent
封堵剂 粒度中值/
μm粒径范围/
μm不同粒径占比，% 3～30 μm >60 μm 超细水泥 4.452 0.25～262.37 71.1 5.0 普通封堵剂 20.211 1.98～451.55 62.0 16.0
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