Establishment of Logging Evaluation Criteria for the Cementing Quality of Low-Density Cement Slurries
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摘要: 为了给测井评价轻质水泥浆固井质量提供理论依据与标准，基于高温声特性试验及数值模拟结果，分析了水泥浆密度、水泥环厚度、第一界面胶结质量等因素对常规固井质量测井的影响，分析得到：受套管外径和壁厚的影响，随水泥浆密度降低，套管波相对幅度的差异越来越明显；在套管与水泥环之间存在微环隙时，随着水泥环厚度增大，套管波幅度单调增大，但在水泥环厚度较大时，增加幅度趋于平缓；微环隙的存在使套管波幅度明显增大，轻质水泥套管波幅度的增大尤其明显，但在微环隙厚度增至5 mm后，水泥浆密度的影响明显减弱。根据分析结果，构建了测井解释图版，制定出针对轻质水泥浆的固井质量测井评价标准。该评价标准，可望在工程实践中对轻质水泥浆固井质量的测井评价提供有益指导。Abstract: To provide a theoretical basis and criteria for the logging evaluation of the cementing quality of low-density cement slurries, the impacts of cement slurry density, cement sheath thickness, and cementing quality at the first interface on the conventional logging of cementing quality were analyzed according to the results of tests on acoustic characteristics at high temperatures and numerical simulation. The following understandings were obtained by the analysis: Affected by the outer diameter and thickness of casing, the difference in the relative amplitude of casing wave became increasingly obvious as the cement slurry density decreases. When there is a micro-annulus between the casing and the cement sheath, the amplitude increased monotonically with the the increase of cement sheath thickness and tended to be gentle when the cement sheath thickness was large. The micro-annulus significantly enhanced the amplitude of casing wave, especially for low-density cement slurry cementing. However, the effect of the cement slurry density weakened markedly after the thickness of the micro-annulus was increased to 5 mm. Depending on the analysis results, a log interpretation chart was established, and logging evaluation criteria were formulated for the cementing quality of low-density cement slurries. The evaluation criteria are expected to provide useful guidance for the logging evaluation of the cementing quality of low-density cement slurries in engineering practice.
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图 2 套管波相对幅度随水泥浆密度的变化曲线
Figure 2. Variation of relative amplitude of casing wave with cement slurry density
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图 3 2种外径套管在不同壁厚等条件下的全波波形
Figure 3. Full waveforms of two casings with different outer diameters under different casing thickness conditions
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图 4 不同密度水泥浆在60°方位接收的波形
Figure 4. Waveforms of cement slurries with different densities received at 60° azimuth
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图 5 水泥浆密度为1.3 kg/L时120°和60°方位接收的波形
Figure 5. Waveforms of the cement slurry with a density of 1.3 kg/L received at 60° and 120° azimuths
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图 6 不同水泥环厚度的套管波全波波形
Figure 6. Full waveforms of casing waves with different cement sheath thicknesses
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图 7 套管波幅度与相对幅度随水泥环厚度的变化
Figure 7. Variations of amplitude and relative amplitude of casing wave with cement sheath thickness
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图 8 水泥环第一界面不同胶结质量下的全波波形
Figure 8. Full waveforms at the first interface of cement sheath with different cementing quality
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图 9 水泥环第一界面胶结差套管波相对幅度
Figure 9. Relative amplitude of casing wave at the first interface of cement sheath with poor cementing quality
表 1 不同密度水泥浆胶结后的纵横波声速
Table 1 acoustic velocities of P-waves and S-waves of cemented cement slurries with different densities
水泥浆密度/（kg·L–1） 纵波速度/（m·s–1） 横波速度/( m·s–1) 1.3 2 590.7 1 182.0 1.4 2 590.7 1 182.0 1.5 2 659.6 1 436.8 1.9 2 976.2 1 548.0 1.01） 1 500.0 0 注：1）水泥浆是水。 
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表 2 不同水泥浆固井胶结质量测井评价标准（ϕ139.7 mm套管）
Table 2 Logging evaluation criteria for cementing quality of different cement slurries (ϕ139.7 mm casing)
水泥浆密度/（kg·L–1） 套管波相对幅度，% 合格下限 优良下限 1.3 51 24 1.4 41 19 1.5 38 18 1.9 14 7
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表 3 不同水泥浆固井胶结质量测井评价标准（ϕ177.8 mm套管）
Table 3 Logging evaluation criteria for cementing quality of different cement slurries (ϕ177.8 mm casing)
水泥浆密度/（kg·L–1） 套管波相对幅度，% 合格下限 优良下限 1.3 61 29 1.4 51 24 1.5 44 21 1.9 15 7
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表 4 不同水泥浆固井胶结质量测井评价标准（ϕ244.5 mm套管）
Table 4 Logging evaluation criteria for cementing quality of different cement slurries (ϕ244.5 mm casing)
水泥浆密度/（kg·L–1） 套管波相对幅度，% 合格下限 优良下限 1.3 70 35 1.4 60 30 1.5 55 27 1.9 15 8
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