Development and Field Tests of an Enhanced Hydraulic Oscillator with Low Pressure Loss
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摘要: 应用水力振荡器可以解决复杂结构井钻井过程中存在的摩阻大、托压严重等问题，但常规水力振荡器压耗高，易使地面机泵超负荷运转而出现故障。为此，通过采取在振荡短节中增加1个固定活塞、增大偏心阀过流孔直径、在花键芯轴的花键端部和底部过渡位置增加过流槽等措施，对常规水力振荡器的结构进行了优化，增大了活塞反馈面积和过流面积，降低了水力振荡器的能量损耗，研制了低压耗增强型水力振荡器。室内测试结果表明，该水力振荡器的压降明显减小，达到了设计要求。该水力振荡器在胜利油田义184-斜37井进行了现场试验，各项指标满足设计和使用要求，解决了托压问题，提高了机械钻速，且压降较常规水力振荡器有明显减小。研究结果表明，低压耗增强型水力振荡器的压降小，可有效解决托压严重、摩阻大的难题，满足复杂结构井安全高效钻井的需求。Abstract: Hydraulic oscillators are effective against high friction and serious back pressure during the drilling of wells with complex structures. However, conventional hydraulic oscillators suffer from high pressure loss, which leads to the failure of pumps on the ground due to overloaded operations. For this reason, conventional hydraulic oscillators were optimized structurally by a variety of approaches, including adding a fixed piston in the oscillation sub, increasing the diameter of the flow hole of the eccentric valve, arranging a flow duct at the transition area between the spline end and the bottom of the spline shaft. These measures increased the feedback area and flow area of the piston and reduced the energy loss of hydraulic oscillators. In this way, an enhanced hydraulic oscillator with low pressure loss was developed. Laboratory test results indicated that the hydraulic oscillator had measurably reduced the pressure drop, meeting design requirements. In addition, field tests were carried out in Well Yi184-X37 of Shengli Oilfield. All indicators satisfied design and operation requirements. The developed hydraulic oscillator addressed back pressure issues, increased the rate of penetration (ROP), and demonstrated a pressure drop much lower than that of conventional hydraulic oscillators. The research results show that the enhanced hydraulic oscillator with low pressure loss have a low pressure drop and can effectively solve the difficulties of serious back pressure and high friction, thus meeting the needs of safe and efficient drilling of wells with complex structures.
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Keywords:
- hydraulic oscillator /
- flow area /
- pulsating pressure /
- pressure drop /
- penetration rate /
- Well Yi184-X37
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图 2 偏心阀盘过流面积与压降的关系示意
Figure 2. Relationship between flow area of eccentric valve and pressure drop
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图 3 新型水力振荡器和常规水力振荡器的振荡短节示意
Figure 3. Oscillation sub of the novel oscillator and conventional oscillator
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图 4 新型水力振荡器振荡短节花键优化示意
Figure 4. Spline optimization of oscillation sub of the novel hydraulic oscillator
表 1 新型水力振荡器室内测试结果
Table 1 Results of laboratory test of the novel hydraulic oscillator
序号 排量/（L·s–1） 振动频率/Hz 振幅/mm 泵压/MPa 1 13 8 1.5 0.9 2 18 10 2.3 1.2 3 25 13 3.0 1.8 4 28 15 4.5 2.1 5 38 16 5.0 2.5 
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表 2 新型水力振荡器应用效果
Table 2 Application effect of the novel hydraulic oscillator
钻进井段/m 钻压/
kN转速/
（r·min–1）排量/
（L·s–1）立压/
MPa钻时/
（min·m–1）2 077.16～2 495.00 40～80 60 34 16 20～30 2 495.00～3 319.00 60～80 60～70 34 18 4～7
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