Development and Performance Evaluation of a Graphene ReinforcedAluminum-Based Soluble Ball Seat
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摘要: 为了解决水平井多级投球滑套球座在钻除过程中存在的钻除效率低、钻除不彻底影响作业工具重入等问题，研制了石墨烯增强铝基复合材料用于制备滑套可溶球座。利用石墨烯及碳化硅陶瓷颗粒增强铝合金，结合粉末冶金方法，制备得到石墨烯增强铝基复合材料，其具有高强度、高硬度和在盐水环境下实现自行快速溶解等特点，屈服强度达469 MPa，表面硬度达170 HBW。采用石墨烯增强铝基复合材料加工的可溶球座，经砂比30%的含砂压裂液在排量4 m3/min条件下冲蚀26 h后，仍然具备密封承压能力，质量仅减少2.1%；在温度90 ℃、质量分数4%的KCl溶液中浸泡32.5 h后能够完全溶解。现场试验表明，石墨烯增强铝基可溶球座满足多级滑套压裂大排量、高砂比和长时间作业要求，压裂后能在井下液体环境下自行溶解实现井筒全通径。研制的石墨烯增强铝基可溶球座为储层二次改造提供了清洁、安全的井筒条件。Abstract: The re-entry of tools in horizontal wells can be negativelly affected by problems in removing the ball seat in multistage ball-drop sliding sleeves such as low drilling efficiency and incomplete removal. In order to overcome that, a graphene reinforced aluminum-based composite was developed to make soluble ball seat with sliding sleeve. By using graphene and silicon carbide ceramic particles and with powder metallurgy, a graphene reinforced aluminum-based composite was obtained. The composite possess characteristics of high strength, high hardness and self- rapid dissolution in saline environment, with yield strength of 469 MPa and surface hardness up to 170 HBW. The soluble ball seat made of graphene-reinforced aluminum-based composite could still maintain sealing and pressure-bearing capacity when eroded by sand-containing fracturing fluid with a sand ratio of 30% at a flow rate of 4 m3/min for 26 hrs, and its overall weight was only reduced by 2.1%. In addition, the ball seat could completely be dissolved in the 4% KCl solution at 90 ℃ when soaked in the solution for 32.5 hrs. The field test showed that the developed graphene reinforced aluminum-based soluble ball seat could satisfy the requirements of multistage sliding sleeve fracturing with high flow rate, high sand ratio and long operation time. After fracturing, the ball seat can dissolve by itself in downhole liquid environment to achieve a full-diameter borehole. The developed graphene reinforced aluminum-based soluble ball seat can provide clean and safe wellbore conditions for the second stimulation of the reservoir.
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图 3 石墨烯铝基复合材料的TEM照片
Figure 3. TEM (transmission electron microscope) images of the graphene aluminum-based composite
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图 4 石墨烯增强铝基复合材料制备的可溶球座
Figure 4. Soluble ball seat made by the graphene einforced aluminum-based composite
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图 5 可溶球座耐冲蚀性能评价装置示意
Figure 5. Evaluation device for erosion resistance of soluble ball seats
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图 6 镁合金与石墨烯增强铝基可溶球座冲蚀前后形貌
Figure 6. Morphology comparison of magnesium alloy and graphene reinforced aluminum-based soluble ball seats before and after erosion
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图 8 球座溶解过程中质量和内径随时间的变化曲线
Figure 8. Variation curve of weight and inner diameter during ball seat dissolution
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