Simulation Research on Influencing Factors of Stabilization Platform for Mechanical Vertical Drilling Tools
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摘要:
配备机械式稳定平台的自动垂直钻具，由于无电子元件、耐高温性能好、成本相对低廉，是深井钻井中防斜打直的较好选择，但如何进一步提高该工具的纠斜精度是一个难点。为此，针对机械式稳定平台的动力学特性，基于典型的稳定平台结构及其工作原理，建立了机械式稳定平台理论分析模型及Adams动力学模拟模型，通过理论计算及模拟计算，研究了影响稳定平台性能的因素，确定了影响机械式稳定平台性能的主要因素及其影响规律。研究得出：偏重块长度和内外半径、井斜角和盘阀间动摩擦系数对稳定平台性能的影响较大。根据研究结果，总结出该机械式稳定平台结构参数的优化方向以及推荐取值，可为进一步优化设计机械式稳定平台的自动垂直钻具提供参考。
Abstract:As the automatic vertical drilling tool equipped with a mechanical stable platform requires no electronic components and possesses good high-temperature resistance with low costs, it is a good choice for deviation prevention in deep well drilling. However,it has difficulty in further improving the deviation correction accuracy of the tool. Therefore, according to its dynamic characteristics, two mechanical stable platform models: a theoretical analytical one, and Adams dynamic simulation one were built on the basis of a typical stable platform structure and its working principle. Then, theoretical calculations and simulation calculations were conducted to study the factors affecting the performance of the stable platform, and the main influencing factors and laws governing the performance of the mechanical stable platform were determined. The research results revealed key performance influencers, which included the length, the inner and outer radius of the eccentric block, the inclination angle, and the dynamic friction coefficient between disc valves.Based on the results, the optimization direction and recommended value of the structural parameters of the mechanical stable platform were also summarized, and they can provide a reference for further design optimization for automatic vertical drilling tools with mechanical stable platforms.
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图 1 动态推靠机械式自动垂直钻具结构示意
Figure 1. Structure of mechanical vertical drilling tools with dynamic pushing pistons
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图 2 摩擦力对偏重块偏转位置的影响示意
Figure 2. Effect of friction on the deflection position of an eccentric block
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图 8 稳定平台不同上盘阀外径下的临界夹角及稳定时间
Figure 8. Influence curve of the outer diameter of the upper disc valve on critical angle and stabilization time of the stable platform
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图 9 偏重块密度对稳定平台性能的影响
Figure 9. Influence of eccentric block density on stable platform performance
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图 10 偏重块长度对稳定平台性能的影响
Figure 10. Influence of eccentric block length on stable platform performance
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图 11 盘阀间压力差对稳定平台性能的影响
Figure 11. Curve showing the influence of pressure differences between disc valves on stable platform performance
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图 12 井斜角对稳定平台性能的影响曲线
Figure 12. Curve showing the influence of the inclination angle on stable platform performance
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图 13 盘阀间动摩擦系数对稳定平台性能的影响
Figure 13. Curve showing the influence of the dynamic friction coefficient between disc valves on stable platform performance
表 1 稳定平台部件间约束关系
Table 1 Constraint relationship between stable platform components
模型名称 构件1 构件2 约束副 放置位置 JOINT_1 下盘阀 大地 转动副 质心 JOINT_2 下盘阀 下部轴承 固定副 质心 JOINT_3 下盘阀 上部轴承 固定副 质心 JOINT_4 上部轴承 偏重块 圆柱副 质心 JOINT_5 下部轴承 偏重块 圆柱副 质心 JOINT_6 下部轴承 偏重块 平面副 质心 JOINT_7 偏重块 上盘阀 移动副 质心 
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表 2 模拟结果与理论计算结果对比
Table 2 Comparison of simulation results with theoretical calculations
井斜角/（°） 模拟临界夹角/（°） 理论临界夹角/（°） 相对误差，% 1.5 45.64 46.77 2.476 2.0 32.50 33.12 1.908 3.0 20.97 21.37 1.907
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表 3 模拟结果与试验结果对比
Table 3 Comparison of simulation results with experimental results
井斜角/
（°）转速/
r/min模拟临界
夹角/（°）试验临界
夹角/（°）相对
误差，%1.6 45 4.63 4.61 4.97 1.6 100 4.63 5.00 7.99 2.5 30 25.40 24.68 2.82 2.5 100 25.40 24.20 4.72
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表 4 腰形孔内外半径模拟结果
Table 4 Simulation results of the inner and outer radius of waist hole
情况 内半径/mm 外半径/mm 临界夹角/（°） 稳定时间/s 内半径增大，
外半径不变11 17 20.944 141.66 13 17 20.943 136.20 15 17 20.941 134.81 外半径增大，
内半径不变11 17 20.944 141.66 11 18 20.945 159.25 11 19 20.947 193.63 内外半径同时
增大相同数值11 17 20.944 141.66 12 18 20.944 145.66 13 19 20.944 163.58 内外半径同时
减小相同数值11 17 20.944 141.66 10 16 20.944 142.18 9 15 20.944 151.25
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表 5 偏重块所用金属的密度和熔点
Table 5 Densities and melting points for metals of eccentric blocks
金属 密度/（g·cm−3） 熔点/℃ 钛 4.51 1 668 锆 6.51 1 855 45#钢 7.80 1 538 钴 8.90 1 495 钼 10.28 2 623 锝 11.50 2 157
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表 6 偏重块内外半径对稳定平台性能影响的模拟结果
Table 6 Simulation results of influence of the inner and outer radius of eccentric block on stable platform performance
情况 偏重块
内半径/mm偏重块
外半径/mm临界
夹角/（°）稳定
时间/s内半径增加，
外半径不变15 75 20.94 164.75 20 75 21.19 170.00 25 75 21.61 171.40 外半径增大，
内半径不变15 75 20.94 164.75 15 80 17.10 156.07 15 85 14.18 153.24 内外半径同时
增大相同数值15 75 20.94 164.75 20 80 17.27 164.70 25 85 14.47 161.47 内外半径同时
减小相同数值15 75 20.94 164.75 10 70 25.94 168.69 5 65 33.02 171.47
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表 7 优化机械式稳定平台时参数变化趋势
Table 7 Parameter changing trend when optimizing a mechanical stable platform
参数 参数优化方向 参数优化建议 控制精度提高 稳定效率提高 上盘阀外径 减小 尽可能减小 腰形孔外半径 减小 尽可能减小 偏重块密度 增大 8～10 g⁄cm3 偏重块长度 增大 增大 3 000～4 000 mm 偏重块内半径 减小 7.5～12.5 mm 偏重块外半径 减小 67.5～72.5 mm 盘阀间压力差 减小 尽可能减小 盘阀间动摩擦系数 减小 减小 尽可能减小 注：表中空白部分表示参数对稳定平台控制精度或稳定效率的影响较小。
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